Determination of the optimal amount of liquid injected by a direct-flow/centrifugal mass-exchange element

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
G. K. Zibert ◽  
I. É. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Direct Flow ◽  
Optimal Amount

Investigation of mass-exchange direct-flow/centrifugal elements

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-528
Author(s):  
G. K. Zibert ◽  
I. É. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Direct Flow

scholarly journals NORMALIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL LOAD OF TEACHERS AS A METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE CALCULATION OF PAYMENT OF TS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ангелина Малюкина ◽  
Angelina Malyukina ◽  
Татьяна Геращенкова ◽  
Tatyana Gerashchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Teaching Load ◽  
The University

This article discusses the problems associated with the effectiveness of standardization and determination of all types of work of the teaching staff. The problem in this case lies not only in determining the optimal amount of funding for the university, but also in the search for approaches to its justification. Moreover, the literacy of these decisions directly affects the innovative development of higher education institutions and the calculation of salaries of faculty members. The influence of this factor on the payroll calculation of teaching staff, as well as the optimization of this process, is shown. The calculation of wages is influenced by a lot of factors that must be considered. Work on improving the system of standardization of the teaching load of a teacher should continue and develop.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MASS-EXCHANGE COLUMN APPARATUS OPERATION IN A CYCLIC MODE

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Bulii ◽  
O. M. Obodovych ◽  
V.V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modes ◽  
Exchange Column ◽  
Column Apparatus ◽  
Cyclic Mode ◽  
Free Section

The efficiency of operation of perforated trays in a cyclic mode depends on the accepted hydrodynamic modes, which determine the limits of stable operation of mass-exchange column apparatus. There are no general methods of calculating the boundaries of the hydrodynamic modes of perforated trays operate in the cyclic mode.  On this basis, the authors were tasked to determine the hydrodynamic modes of operation of mass-exchange column apparatus equipped with perforated trays, the action of which occurs in the mode of controlled cycles of fluid retention on the plates and the overflow of fluid through all holes or slits. Sieve and scaly trays with arched-type scales without overflow devices were selected for study. The aim of the work was to determine the hydrodynamic modes of operation of the sieve and scaly trays without overflow devices in a cyclic mode of retention and overflow of liquid, determination of lower and upper critical velocity of the vapor in the holes of the sieve and scaly trays, the linear velocity of the vapor in the free cross section of the mass-exchange column apparatus and the relative magnitude of the liquid splash to the upper trays. Liquid flow was monitored using a flowmeter RM, air velocity in the free section of the column was monitored using an anemometer MC-13.  It was determined that the lower critical air velocity in the bubbling holes was 5.4 m/s; linear air velocity in free column cross section was 0.25 m/s. The velocity of the air in the holes at which the fluid splashes onto the upper plates begins was 8 m/s; thus linear air velocity in free column cross section was equal to 0.7 m/s. Hydrodynamic modes of scaly trays and corresponding values of air velocity in the free section of the column were established. In bubbling mode it was 0.5…0.9 m/s, in the transitional mode it was 0.9…1.3 m/s and in the jet mode, it was 1.3…2.0 m/s.  It was determined that the lower critical air velocity in the holes of the trays, below which the drain of liquid is occurs, was 6.5…7.0 m/s. The upper critical air velocity in the holes of the trays above which the liquid splash on the upper trays is observed was 16 m/s. The air velocity in the free cross section of the column was 1.3…1.5 m/s. the relative magnitude of the liquid splash in the mode of steady operation of scaly trays  in the bubbling mode does not exceed 0.1 kg/kg of air, in the jet mode, does not exceed 0.2 kg/kg of air. It is proved that intense overflow of liquid through bubbling holes of the perforated trays occurs at air velocities less than the lower critical. For sieve and scaly trays, this velocity should not exceed 1.5-1 m/s.  A slight spillage of liquid through the holes of the trays occurs in the range of values of air velocity in the holes of sieve trays of 1.5-5.3 m/s, in the holes of scaly trays of 1,5-6,4 m/s.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal amount of scattering in a wavelength conversion plate for white LEDs

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. A1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Ryckaert ◽  
Sven Leyre ◽  
Peter Hanselaer ◽  
Youri Meuret
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
White Leds

Direct flow injection chemiluminescence determination of salicylamide

1999 ◽  
Vol 394 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Fuster Mestre ◽  
L Lahuerta Zamora ◽  
J Martı́nez Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Direct Flow ◽  
Flow Injection Chemiluminescence

scholarly journals Comparison of Methodologies for Acid Buffering Capacity Determination—Empirical Verification of Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Patryk Król ◽  
Piotr Borysiuk ◽  
Mariusz Mamiński
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Acid Buffering ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Origins

Raw materials used in particleboard production may have different chemical properties as they have different origins, nature, and storage histories. One of the most important factors is the acidity of the wood which affects the process of bond line formation. Thus, determination of the acid buffering capacity (ABC) of a raw material helps to adjust the optimal amount of hardener in the adhesive. In the present study, three methods for pH-metric ABC determination in the presence of lignocellulosic material were compared. Models that correlate the hardener amount with the internal bonding of particleboards were built from the ABC results. The approach was tested on three materials of different acidity—pine, oak, and ammonia-treated oak. The developed models allowed the prediction of the optimal amount of hardener for the maximized internal bond of the boards. The experimental verification of the models showed a high convergence of the calculated and empirical results.

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