The features of the participation of the cholinergic mechanisms of the accumbens and caudate nuclei in the regulation of an instrumental defense reflex in dogs

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Shapovalova ◽  
E. V. Pominova
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Defense Reflex

scholarly journals Melatonin salvages lead‐induced neuro‐cognitive shutdown, anxiety, and depressive‐like symptoms via oxido‐inflammatory and cholinergic mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah A. Omeiza ◽  
Halimat A. Abdulrahim ◽  
Abdullateef I. Alagbonsi ◽  
Precious U. Ezurike ◽  
Talha K. Soluoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Mechanisms

Cholinergic mechanisms of lordotic behavior in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Kaufman ◽  
B.S. McEwen ◽  
D.W. Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽  
Lordotic Behavior

scholarly journals Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundSpecific cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are hypothesised to mediate the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but structural neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent.AimsTo conduct a meta-analysis of published and unpublished voxel-based morphometry studies in OCD.MethodTwelve data-sets comprising 401 people with OCD and 376 healthy controls met inclusion criteria. A new improved voxel-based meta-analytic method, signed differential mapping (SDM), was developed to examine regions of increased and decreased grey matter volume in the OCD group v. control group.ResultsNo between-group differences were found in global grey matter volumes. People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri. A descriptive analysis of quartiles, a sensitivity analysis as well as analyses of subgroups further confirmed these findings. Meta-regression analyses showed that studies that included individuals with more severe OCD were significantly more likely to report increased grey matter volumes in the basal ganglia. No effect of current antidepressant treatment was observed.ConclusionsThe results support a dorsal prefrontal–striatal model of the disorder and raise the question of whether functional alterations in other brain regions commonly associated with OCD, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, may reflect secondary compensatory strategies. Whether the reported differences between participants with OCD and controls precede the onset of the symptoms and whether they are specific to OCD remains to be established.

scholarly journals Role of thromboxane-A2 and cholinergic mechanisms in bronchoconstriction induced by cigarette smoke in guinea-pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2468-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
H. A Izawa ◽  
H. Inoue ◽  
S. Takata ◽  
M. Shigyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanisms

Impaired cholinergic mechanisms following exposure to monocrotophos in young rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Lata Sankhwar ◽  
Rajesh S Yadav ◽  
Rajendra K Shukla ◽  
Aditya B Pant ◽  
Dhirendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Quinuclidinyl Benzilate

Studies on the neurobehavioral toxicity of monocrotophos, an organophosphate, have been carried out on rats following their exposure from postnatal day (PD) 22 to PD 49 to investigate whether neurobehavioral changes are transient or persistent. Exposure of rats to monocrotophos (0.50 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) decreased body weight (10% and 30%) and impaired grip strength (28% and 32%) and learning ability (65% and 68%) at both the doses, respectively in comparison to controls. A trend of recovery was observed in body weight and learning, while decrease in grip strength persisted in rats 15 days after withdrawal. Activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in frontal cortex (36% and 67%), hippocampus (21% and 49%) and cerebellum (29% and 51%) in monocrotophos-treated rats at both the doses. The decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase persisted in frontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a trend of recovery was observed in cerebellum 15 days after withdrawal. Binding of 3 H-quinuclidinyl benzilate ( 3 H-QNB) to frontocortical (19% and 35%), hippocampal (32% and 39%) and cerebellar (19% and 28%) membranes was decreased in monocrotophos-treated rats compared to controls. The decrease in the binding of 3 H-QNB persisted in frontocortical, hippocampal and cerebellar membranes 15 days after withdrawal. The results suggest that repeated exposure to monocrotophos in rats may cause behavioral and neurochemical modifications which may persist even after withdrawal. The findings are of concern in view of the high consumption of monocrotophos in many countries.

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