Contemporary state of reflex theory

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
A. S. Batuev
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary State ◽  
Reflex Theory

Nasty and Brutish? an Empirical Assessment of the Violence Hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Early States ◽  
Consensus View

This chapter empirically investigates two hypotheses often used to support the claim that virtually everyone is better off in state society than they could reasonably expect to be in any stateless environment. “The strong violence hypothesis” is the claim that violence in stateless societies is necessarily intolerable. “The weak violence hypothesis” is the claim that violence in stateless societies tends to be higher than in state society. Section 1 uses anthropological and historical evidence to examine violence in prehistoric stateless societies, early states, and contemporary states. Section 2 reviews evidence from modern stateless societies. Section 3 attempts to assemble anthropologists’ consensus view of violence in stateless societies. Section 4 evaluates the strong and weak hypotheses in light of this information, arguing that societies in which sovereignty is most absent maintain the ability to keep violence at tolerable levels. Although it is reasonable to suppose that stateless societies tend to have higher violence than contemporary state societies, some stateless societies have lower violence than some states. Because these findings reject 350 years of accumulated theory of sovereignty, Section 5 briefly discusses how bands are able to maintain peace without state-like institutions. Section 6 concludes.

Rights, Authority, and Workability: An Examination of Universal Jurisdiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Srdan Durica
Keyword(s):  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Subject

In this paper, I conceptualize ‘universal jurisdiction’ along three axes: rights, authority, and workability to reduce the compendium of scholarly work on the subject into three prominent focus areas. I then review the longstanding debates between critics and supports, and ultimately show the vitality of this debate and persuasiveness of each side’s sets of arguments. By using these three axes as a sort of methodological filter, one can develop a richer understanding of universal jurisdiction, its theoretical pillars, practical barriers, and the core areas of contention that form the contemporary state of knowledge.

The question about contemporary state of Russian mediation institute

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis Mazhitovich Kurmanbaev ◽  
◽  
Irina Yurievna Khanzhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary State

Contemporary state of the zooplankton in Lake Peipsi

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 338 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juta Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Lake Peipsi ◽  
Contemporary State

An examination of conditioned reflex theory.

1933 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-466
Author(s):  
C. N. Rexroad
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Reflex Theory

The Two-Party System in British Politics

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Party System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
British Politics ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Laissez Faire

Britain may fairly be called the classic home of two-party government. This claim is justifiable because of some characteristics for which the system, as employed in Britain, is distinctive. Chief among these is its long duration. Although there is room for disagreement among historians about the time and circumstances of its birth, it would be difficult to deny that two-party government was established earlier, has lasted longer, and at the present time is probably more firmly rooted there than in any contemporary state. Indeed, the practice of simplifying the complexities of politics into a contest for office between a pair of major claimants has endured in Britain through a catalogue of changes which would assuredly have wrecked a less effective system. In that country it has survived the evolution from an oligarchy of aristocrats to a democracy of the whole people; the transfer of power from monarchy to parliament and then from parliament to cabinet; the rise of large-scale industry with its social aftermath; the switch in economic policy from mercantilism to laissez faire and from this to state planning; and withal, the expansion and subsequent shrinkage of Britain's international might.

Diversion and sabotage - the essence and mutual relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Paweł Lubiewski ◽  
Aneta Dróżdż
Keyword(s):  
Security System ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
State Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Mutual Relations

It is difficult to say whether there are more social conflicts nowadays than there used to be centuries ago. We lack precise comparative data to rely on. However, it can be said that we look at them much more carefully, analyze them, examine them to find out about their essence, relations, and dependencies as much as possible. Unfortunately, social conflicts often lead to military actions. They are characterized by the use ofvarious tactics, including activities of an irregular nature. Considering the intensity of terrorist activities not only in Europe, but also in many other places in the world, and bearing in mind how willingly terrorist structures use irregular activities, it is worth returning to the issues of diversion and sabotage, which seem to have been forgotten, judging by the limited amount of literary resources available in this field, in the context of improving the contemporary state security system.

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