Nitrate estimates using the Nitrachek Test for precise N-fertilization during plant growth and, after harvest, for quality testing potato tubers

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nitsch ◽  
E. Varis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Quality Testing

scholarly journals Effect of Low Zeolite Doses on Plants and Soil Physicochemical Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Alicja Szatanik-Kloc ◽  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Agnieszka Adamczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Józefaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Holding

Thousands of tons of zeolitic materials are used yearly as soil conditioners and components of slow-release fertilizers. A positive influence of application of zeolites on plant growth has been frequently observed. Because zeolites have extremely large cation exchange capacity, surface area, porosity and water holding capacity, a paradigm has aroused that increasing plant growth is caused by a long-lasting improvement of soil physicochemical properties by zeolites. In the first year of our field experiment performed on a poor soil with zeolite rates from 1 to 8 t/ha and N fertilization, an increase in spring wheat yield was observed. Any effect on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area (S), pH-dependent surface charge (Qv), mesoporosity, water holding capacity and plant available water (PAW) was noted. This positive effect of zeolite on plants could be due to extra nutrients supplied by the mineral (primarily potassium—1 ton of the studied zeolite contained around 15 kg of exchangeable potassium). In the second year of the experiment (NPK treatment on previously zeolitized soil), the zeolite presence did not impact plant yield. No long-term effect of the zeolite on plants was observed in the third year after soil zeolitization, when, as in the first year, only N fertilization was applied. That there were no significant changes in the above-mentioned physicochemical properties of the field soil after the addition of zeolite was most likely due to high dilution of the mineral in the soil (8 t/ha zeolite is only ~0.35% of the soil mass in the root zone). To determine how much zeolite is needed to improve soil physicochemical properties, much higher zeolite rates than those applied in the field were studied in the laboratory. The latter studies showed that CEC and S increased proportionally to the zeolite percentage in the soil. The Qv of the zeolite was lower than that of the soil, so a decrease in soil variable charge was observed due to zeolite addition. Surprisingly, a slight increase in PAW, even at the largest zeolite dose (from 9.5% for the control soil to 13% for a mixture of 40 g zeolite and 100 g soil), was observed. It resulted from small alterations of the soil macrostructure: although the input of small zeolite pores was seen in pore size distributions, the larger pores responsible for the storage of PAW were almost not affected by the zeolite addition.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Penggunaan Cahaya Matahari dan Partisi Karbohidrat Tanaman Sorgum pada Berbagai Tingkat Pemupukan Nitrogen

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah Aznur ◽  
Suwarto , ◽  
Dan Heni Purnamawati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Crop Modelling ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Use Efficiency

Light use efficiency (LUE) determines biomass production based on interception energy during photosynthesis. The product of photosynthesis is allocated to the plants organs based on the partitioning of carbohydrates. The LUE and carbohydrate partitioning are two important parameters in crop modelling. The research was conducted at Cikabayan experimental station of IPB, Bogor from July to November 2015. The experiment was designed according to a randomize block design with five replications. The fertilizer treatments rate were 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of reference N fertilization of 120 kg ha-1.  The  value  of  light use efficiency and the partition coefficient of sorghum were not affected by N fertilization. The value of light use efficiency is 1.41 g MJ-1. The carbohydrates partitioning was developed based on plant growth stage. The partition from the planting to the emergence stage (0 ≤ s ≤ 0.25) was 0.81 x s/0.25 root, 0 stem, 0.19 x s/0.25 leaves, and 0 panicle. The partition from the emergence to the maximum vegetative stage (0.25 &lt; s ≤ 0.5) was 0.81-(0.59 x s/0.5) root, 0.14 x s/0.5  stem, 0.19 + (0.45 x s/0.5) leaves, and 0 panicle. The partition from the maximum vegetative stage to the flowering stage (0.5 &lt; s ≤ 0.75) was 0.22 - (0.09 x s/0.75) root, 0.14 + (0.39 x s/0.75) stem, 0.64 - (0.46 x s/0.75) leaves, and 0.16 x s/0.75 panicle. The partition from flowering to the harvest stage (0.75 &lt; s ≤ 1) was 0.13 - (0.13 x s) root, 0.53 - (0.52 x s) stem, 0.18-(0.18 x s) leaves, and 0.16 + (0.84 x s) panicle.<br /><br />Keywords: crop modelling, light use efficiency, N fertilizer, partitioning carbohydrates<br /><br />

Effects of Planting on Different Sides of the Ridge on Emergence, Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the Sudan

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Northern Side

SUMMARYThe effects of planting potato tubers on four different sides of two ridge orientations was investigated. Soil temperature was coolest on the northern side, followed by the western, eastern and southern sides. Fifty percent emergence took place in 24, 42 and 49 days for tubers planted on the northern, western and eastern sides, respectively. Only 22% of tubers planted on the southern side emerged. The best yield and quality was obtained by planting on the northern side, followed successively by the eastern, western and southern sides of the ridge.

scholarly journals Contrasting growth responses among plant growth forms to nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical forest in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Tian ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Wenjing Fang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Yongkai Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Understory Shrubs

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been a noteworthy aspect of global change. Previous observational studies in temperate and tropical forests have focused on the effects of N deposition on tree growth. Here we asked how trees and other plant growth forms respond to experimental N deposition in a subtropical forest in China. We conducted a four-year N fertilization experiment in a subtropical evergreen forest in southeastern China with three treatment levels applied to 9 20 × 20 m plots and replicated in three blocks. We classified the plants to trees, saplings, shrubs(including tree seedlings) and ground-cover plants (ferns) according to the growth forms, then we measured the absolute and relative basal area increments of trees and saplings, and the aboveground biomass of understory shrubs and ferns. In addition, we grouped individuals of the dominant tree species Castanopsis eyrei into three size classes and analyzed their growth responses to N fertilization separately. Although the total tree growth on plot level did not show a significant response to the N fertilization, the small trees with DBH (diameter at breast height) values of 5–10 cm were hindered by N fertilization, while the growth of large trees with DBH > 10 cm showed neutral or weakly positive responses to N fertilization. Small trees, saplings and particularly understory shrubs and ground-cover ferns suppressed seriously by increasing N fertilization. The proportions of plant mortality in N-fertilized plots were higher than in unfertilized plots and most of the dead individuals were small trees, saplings, shrubs and ferns. N deposition potentially leads to increased growth of larger plant individuals at tree layer in the forest community and suppresses the growth and survival of other individuals at understory and ground-cover layers. Therefore, differences in the growth responses of different plant growth forms and individual sizes should be taken into account when evaluating the effects of N deposition on the functioning of these forest ecosystems, including their potential for carbon storage.

scholarly journals (70) Hydroponic Sunflower Production as Influenced by Cultivar, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Root-knot Nematode Infestation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013D-1013
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Donald Merhaut ◽  
J. Ole Becker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for successful production of cut flowers in a hydroponic system. In this study, two sunflower cultivars: single-stand `Mezzulah' and multi-stand `Golden Cheer' were grown under two N fertilization rates: 50 mg·L-1 and 100 mg·L-1 in a recirculating hydroponic system. At the same time, `Mezzulah' sunflowers were biologically stressed by exposing each plant to 2000 second-stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, race 1. The experiment was conducted in May and repeated in Sept. 2004, and plant growth and flower quality between control and nematode-infested plants were compared at the two N rates. The two cultivars responded differently to fertilization treatments. With increasing N rate, the dry weight of `Mezzulah' increased, while that of `Golden Cheer' decreased. Flower size and harvest time were significantly different between the two cultivars. However, N had no effect on flower quality and harvest time. Flower quality rating suggests that quality cut stems can be obtained with 50 mg·L-1 N nutrient solution. Nematode egg count suggests that plants in the nematode treatment were successfully infested with Meloidogyne incognita, however, no significant root galling was observed, and plant growth and flower quality were not affected by nematode infestation.

scholarly journals 146 Evaluation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on stockpiled bermudagrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Megan E Griffin ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
D W Held ◽  
Russ B Muntifering ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are non-pathogenic, soil-inhabiting, beneficial bacteria that colonize the roots of plants. Some PGPR strains are reported to increase nutrient uptake and fix atmospheric N, which suggests that biofertilization with PGPR may provide an alternative to N fertilization for forage production. In mid-August 2017, a study was initiated to evaluate PGPR as an alternative form of N fertilization for fall-stockpiled bermudagrass. Eighteen 1-m2plots were mowed to a 2.5-cm stubble height prior to stockpiling. Two strains of PGPR (Blend 20 and DH44) were selected for evaluation based on performance in greenhouse trials. Treatments included: control, fertilizer, DH44, DH44+fertilizer, Blend 20, and Blend 20+fertilizer (n = 3).Two applications of PGPR were applied at the beginning of the stockpiling season and 30 d later. Ammonium sulfate was applied at 56 kg/ha during the first PGPR application. Plots were clipped to a height of 2.5 cm in mid-November, December, and January to determine yield and nutritive value. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) as a completely randomized design.Yield was greater (P ≤ 0.007) for Blend 20+fertilizer, DH44, and Blend 20 (695, 673, and 664 kg DM/ha, respectively) than the control (598 kg DM/ha). Forage DM yield differed among harvest dates, with Blend 20+Fertilizer having the highest yield in January (835 kg DM/ha). Blend 20+fertilizer, control, and fertilizer treatments had the greatest effect on CP concentration (9.1, 9.5, and 10.1%, respectively). Concentrations of NDF and ADF were greatest (P ≤ 0.01) for Blend 20, Blend 20+fertilizer, DH44, and fertilizer. Percentage IVTD decreased with the later harvests (46.1, 33.8, and 39.0% in November, December, and January, respectively); however, CP was unchanged across all harvests (P3 0.12). Overall, PGPR increased DM yield of stockpiled bermudagrass while maintaining forage nutritive value similar to commercial fertilizer.

scholarly journals Root-associated microbiomes of wheat under the combined effect of plant development and nitrogen fertilization

Microbiome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaimin Chen ◽  
Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽  
Ruibo Sun ◽  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Chunsheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
N Input

Abstract Background Plant roots assemble microbial communities both inside the roots and in the rhizosphere, and these root-associated microbiomes play pivotal roles in plant nutrition and productivity. Although it is known that increased synthetic fertilizer input in Chinese farmlands over the past 50 years has resulted in not only increased yields but also environmental problems, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how crops under elevated nutrient input shape root-associated microbial communities, especially through adjusting the quantities and compositions of root metabolites and exudates. Methods The compositions of bacterial and fungal communities from the roots and rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under four levels of long-term inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization were characterized at the tillering, jointing and ripening stages. The root-released organic carbon (ROC), organic acids in the root exudates and soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil active carbon (SAC) in the rhizosphere were quantified. Results ROC levels varied dramatically across wheat growth stages and correlated more with the bacterial community than with the fungal community. Rhizosphere SOC and SAC levels were elevated by long-term N fertilization but varied only slightly across growth stages. Variation in the microbial community structure across plant growth stages showed a decreasing trend with N fertilization level in the rhizosphere. In addition, more bacterial and fungal genera were significantly correlated in the jointing and ripening stages than in the tillering stage in the root samples. A number of bacterial genera that shifted in response to N fertilization, including Arthrobacter, Bacillus and Devosia, correlated significantly with acetic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that both plant growth status and N input drive changes in the microbial community structure in the root zone of wheat. Plant growth stage demostrated a stronger influence on bacterial than on fungal community composition. A number of bacterial genera that have been described as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) responded positively to N fertilization, and their abundance correlated significantly with the organic acid level, suggesting that the secretion of organic acids may be a strategy developed by plants to recruit beneficial microbes in the root zone to cope with high N input. These results provide novel insight into the associations among increased N input, altered carbon availability, and shifts in microbial communities in the plant roots and rhizosphere of intensive agricultural ecosystems.

Interaction among endophytic bacteria, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars and chemical nitrogen fertilization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Heijo ◽  
Cecilia Taulé ◽  
Cintia Mareque ◽  
Adriano Stefanello ◽  
Emanuel M Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria

Abstract The application of new agricultural technologies to attain sustainable production systems is necessary. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria to improve plant growth and health has been studied for decades. This work aimed to isolate diazotrophic endophytic bacteria associated with sweet sorghum plants and study the interaction of their inoculation in combination with chemical N-fertilization on different sorghum cultivars. A bacterial collection of 181 isolates was constructed and characterized in vitro and in vivo. From that, the strains Enterobacter sp. UYSB89 and Kosakonia sp. UYSB139 were nifH+, produce IAA, defined as true endophytes and able to promote growth of two sweet sorghum under greenhouse conditions. The evaluated cultivars responded differentially to bacterial inoculation, the nitrogen fertilization doses and their interaction. Thus, plant growth is a multifactorial consequence of the interrelation between crop practices and the plant genotypes. This knowledge is a valuable factor in terms of understanding plant-bacteria endophyte interactions to preserve environmental sustainability during the implementation of agronomic practices.

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