Evaluation in pot and field trials of resistance of potato cultivars and breeding lines to common scab caused byStreptomyces scabies

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Marais ◽  
René Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines

scholarly journals Potato cultivars vary in susceptibility to blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
P.J. Wright ◽  
J.A.D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

Ten potato cultivars were tested for susceptibility to infection by Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica (Eca) the causal agent of blackleg over two maincrop seasons in 200506 and 200607 The pathogen was inoculated into seed tubers using toothpicks charged with undiluted bacterial growth Blackleg incidence was assessed 56 weeks after planting The field experiments clearly confirmed that potato cultivars vary significantly in susceptibility to blackleg Some New Zealand cultivars had a lower susceptibility to blackleg than current commercial cultivars The new Plant Food Research release Summer Delight in particular had an exceptional level of resistance and will be used as a parent in efforts to develop potato cultivars with lower blackleg susceptibility than current local commercial cultivars Routine screening of Plant Food Research breeding lines and cultivars will continue to be carried out over several seasons to confirm results presented here and to determine further blacklegresistant germplasm

scholarly journals Flavor Precursor [S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxide] Concentration and Composition in Onion Plant Organs and Predictability of Field White Rot Reaction of Onions

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn H.Y. Hovius ◽  
Irwin L. Goldman ◽  
Kirk L. Parkin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Onion Plant ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Cysteine Sulfoxide

Breeders have found field screening for white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) resistance in onion (Allium cepa L.) to be unreliable since consistently moderate to high disease levels that significantly differentiate cultivars do not occur over field sites and years. The objective was to determine if differences in onion white rot resistance levels were associated with differing S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (ACSO) levels. A collection of onion breeding lines and hybrids were evaluated in field trials at six sites in 1999-2001. High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze ACSOs in onion plant organs. Four main cysteine-sulfoxides exist in Allium L. species: methyl (MCSO), 2-propenyl (2-PeCSO), 1-propenyl (1-PeCSO), and propyl (PCSO). 1-PeCSO was predominant in onion leaves, bulbs, and roots. 2-PeCSO was found in trace amounts in onion leaves and roots. There was significantly more 2-PeCSO and total ACSO (roots only) and 1-PeCSO (roots and bulbs) in accessions that were more susceptible to white rot in the field trials. This is the first report of significant differences in ACSO contents among white rot susceptible and resistant onions. A covariance analysis was used to determine if the ACSO levels that significantly distinguished among accessions could predict field onion white rot reaction. 1-PeCSO from both roots and bulbs was the best predictor of field disease incidence in field sites that had low, moderate, and high disease levels. Although the ACSO concentrations were not assessed on an individual plant basis, breeders may be able to screen onions for resistance to S. cepivorum by comparing onion root or bulb 1-PeCSO levels based on the results from this research. White rot incidence in the field should be higher in those plants whose roots and bulbs have the highest levels of 1-PeCSO.

scholarly journals Resistance to Beet Armyworm, Hemipterans, and Liriomyza spp. in Lycopersicon Accessions

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford D. Eigenbrode ◽  
John T. Trumble ◽  
Richard A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Foliage Weight

Accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Dun.) A. Gray (cer) and L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. (pimp), sustained significantly less damage to fruit by beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner)] than standard cultivars and breeding lines of L. esculentum Mill. (esc) under natural infestations in 1990 and 1991 in southern California. The dwarf vine cherry cultivar Tiny Tim also sustained less damage than the standards. Accessions of esc with various monogenic mutations sustained at least as much beet armyworm damage as did standard cultivars. The percentage of fruit damaged was significantly correlated with vine weight, weight per fruit, number of fruit, and the fruit-foliage weight ratio (Pearson's coefficients, respectively: -0.533, 0.450, -0.483, 0.390, n = 37). In laboratory assays, survival of beet armyworm was significantly lower (5% of susceptible& growth rates were significantly lower, and development time was significantly longer on the fruit of resistant `Tiny Tim' and LA 1320 cer than the fruit of 11 other test lines. There were no substantial differences in beet armyworm survival on the foliage of the test lines. In the field trials, there were also significant differences among the test lines in damage by Liriomyza species and hemipteran pests. Lines with genes for increased densities of nonglandular leaf trichomes (especially LA 1663) were generally less damaged by Liriomyza than other lines. Damage by hemipterans was correlated with vine and fruit size, fruit count, and fruit-foliage weight ratio in 1991, but high intraseason variability prevented clear identification of test lines resistant to these pests.

Simulated Glyphosate Drift to Potato Mother Plants and Effect on Daughter Tubers Used for Seed Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Sprout Inhibition ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of simulated glyphosate drift rates applied to two non-irrigated potato cultivars in the late tuber bulking stage grown for potato seed production. Mother plants receiving a sublethal glyphosate application had similar yields regardless of the year or cultivar. ‘Red LaSoda' seed pieces visually evaluated the following spring had more sprout inhibition from glyphosate-treated plots. With ‘Russet Burbank', only seed pieces from mother plants that received more than 18 g ha−1 glyphosate showed sprout inhibition. Total yield reductions the year following glyphosate treatments were attributed to fewer and smaller tubers from plants that did not emerge or were delayed in emergence. Red LaSoda seed pieces from mother plants receiving ≥ 71 g ha−1 glyphosate yielded less than the nontreated. In 2005, Russet Burbank seed pieces from mother plants receiving ≥35 g ha−1 glyphosate had reduced yields, whereas in 2006, all glyphosate treatments reduced total yield compared with the nontreated.

Virus and fungal resistance: from laboratory to field

1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (1301) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Antifungal Proteins ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Level

Virus and fungal resistance traits are important targets in the genetic engineering of agricultural and horticultural crops. We have engineered resistance against potato virus X in important commercial potato cultivars. Four years of field trials with resistant potatoes have demonstrated the commercial feasibility of improving potato cultivars by selectively adding new traits while preserving intrinsic properties. In our pursuit for a broad resistance against fungi we have focused on the exploitation of genes encoding antifungal proteins. We present results demonstrating the antifungal effect of some of these proteins in vitro , as well as the synergy between specific chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases. We also report high level resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in transgenic tomato plants expressing a specific combination of genes encoding these enzymes.

Screening potato cultivars for common scab of potato in a naturally infested field

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Mishra ◽  
J. S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Infested Field

Assessment of a glasshouse test for measuring the resistance of potato cultivars to common scab

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. S. Caligari ◽  
R. L. Wastie
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Cultivars

scholarly journals On Selection of Resistant Potato Cultivars to Common Scab(S. scabies)

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Yeong Hong ◽  
Yong-Kil Kang ◽  
Young-Il Hahm
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Dehydrated pork manure by-product: effect of a chitosan amendment on bacterial community and common scab incidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Julie Roy ◽  
Pierre J. Lafontaine ◽  
Rock Chabot ◽  
Carole Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Rrna Gene

Chitosan amendment modified the composition of a microbial community associated with dehydrated pork manure by-product. The amended product (biosolid PC) contained a lower number of anaerobic bacteria than the non-amended product (biosolid P). Chitosan also significantly reduced the fungal population. A 16S rRNA gene bank constructed from DNA extracted from the bacterial community associated with both P and PC biosolids revealed that bacterial ordersXanthomonodales,Pseudomonadales,Enterobacteriales,Burkholderiales,Actinomycetales,Bacillales,ClostridialesandLactobacillaleswere found in both biosolids. Bacteria from theStenotrophomonasgenus were abundant in both biosolids. However, the addition of chitosan appeared to induce changes in the population of some bacterial genera. For example, clones carrying a 16S rRNA gene corresponding to theBacillusgenus were doubled in biosolid PC. In field trials carried out to test their effect on common scab incidence, biosolids P and PC were applied as potato seed treatment. Biosolid P increased disease incidence by a factor of 1.33 and 2.85 in two independent experiments. However, when chitosan was added to the seed treatment, the stimulating effect of biosolid P on common scab was cancelled out.

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