We may not measure the correct intestinal wall permeability coefficient of drugs: Alternative absorptive clearance concept

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win L. Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Absorptive Clearance ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Clearance Concept

Zonulin: physiological and clinical role in the perinatal period

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
A.I. Khavkin ◽  
◽  
N.M. Bogdanova ◽  
V.P. Novikova ◽  
D.V. Yudina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Intercellular Connections

Lifestyle change, including diet changes, often lead to an impairment of biological rhythms regulating production of gastrointestinal hormones, enzymes, neuropeptides, and various cytokines that ensure proper functioning of the digestive tract. Such changes are almost always associated with microbiota disorders and increase permeability of the intestinal mucosa. Zonulin is a diagnostic marker regulating intestinal wall stability and modulating the density of intercellular connections. Its biological role and mechanism of action are being actively studied now. This literature review aims to summarize the results of latest studies published over the last five years analyzing the role of zonulin in various diseases and conditions. The article also covers some aspects suggesting that zonulin can be used as a marker of normal functioning of the intestinal barrier not only in therapeutic, but also in obstetric and pediatric practice. Key words: biomarker, inflammatory cytokines, gestation, depression, zonulin, intestinal barrier, metabolism, microbiota, intestinal wall permeability

scholarly journals Colon dysbiosis, increasing of intestinal wall permeability and non-alcohol fatty liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (38) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Uspensky ◽  
N. V. Baryshnikova ◽  
E. V. Balukova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

In the light of modern ideas about the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with the decoding of the genetic polymorphism of genes that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, immune factors, metabolic disorders and inflammation, a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease belongs to the intestinal microbiota, which takes part in development of all stages of NAFLD. The article presents the pathogenetic relationships of intestinal microbiota and metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Transmural Intestinal Wall Permeability in Severe Ischemia after Enteral Protease Inhibition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e96655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina E. Altshuler ◽  
Itze Lamadrid ◽  
Diana Li ◽  
Stephanie R. Ma ◽  
Leena Kurre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Severe Ischemia

Bacterial-Mucosal Cell Junctional Complexes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Roger C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Degenerative Alterations ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Bacteria exhibit the ability to adhere to the apical surfaces of intestinal mucosal cells. These attachments either precede invasion of the intestinal wall by the bacteria with accompanying inflammation and degeneration of the mucosa or represent permanent anchoring sites where the bacteria never totally penetrate the mucosal cells.Endemic gram negative bacteria were found attached to the surface of mucosal cells lining the walls of crypts in the rat colon. The bacteria did not intrude deeper than 0.5 urn into the mucosal cells and no degenerative alterations were detectable in the mucosal lining.

750 Structural alterations of large intestinal wall in patients with chronic heart failure of different classes

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
A RYLOVA ◽  
G ARUTYUNOV ◽  
L KAFARSKAYA ◽  
N SAVELOV ◽  
N BYLOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Structural Alterations

Histological examination of rat small intestine after surgical removal of obturation small bowel obstruction and peptide stimulation of lymph flow

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
А.А. Коваленко ◽  
Г.П. Титова ◽  
В.К. Хугаева
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
And Function

Оперативное лечение различных заболеваний кишечника сопровождается осложнениями в виде нарушений микроциркуляции в области анастомоза кишки. Ранее нами показана способность лимфостимуляторов пептидной природы восстанавливать нарушенную микроциркуляцию, что послужило основой для настоящего исследования. Цель работы - оценка влияния стимуляции лимфотока в стенке кишки на процессы восстановления микроциркуляции, структуры и функции тонкой кишки в области оперативного вмешательства. Методика. В экспериментах на наркотизированных крысах (хлоралгидрат в дозе 0,6 г/кг в 0,9% растворе NaCl) моделировали различные поражения тонкой кишки (наложение лигатуры, перевязка 1-3 брыжеечных артерий, перекрут петли кишки вокруг оси брыжейки, сочетание нескольких видов повреждений). Резекция поврежденного участка через 1 сут. с последующим созданием тонкокишечного анастомоза завершалась орошением операционного поля раствором пептида-стимулятора лимфотока (40 мкг/кг массы животного в 1 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl). На 7-е сут. после операции проводили гистологическое исследование фрагмента кишки в области анастомоза. Результаты. На 7-е сут. после резекции у выживших животных (летальность вследствие кишечной непроходимости составляла 30%) имеют место морфологические признаки острых сосудистых нарушений стенки кишки, изменений кровеносных и лимфатических микрососудов, интерстициальный отек всех слоев стенки кишки, дилатация просвета кишки, повреждение всасывающего эпителия ворсин с истончением щеточной каемки клеток, морфологические признаки гиперфункции бокаловидных клеток. Использование лимфостимулятора пептидной природы после операции увеличивало выживаемость животных на 24%. У части животных отмечалось уменьшение расширения просвета кишки, у других практически полная его нормализация. Восстанавливалась форма кишечных ворсин и распределение бокаловидных клеток. Отсутствовали признаки внутриклеточного и межмышечного отека. Отмечено умеренное полнокровие венул. Заключение. Использование лимфостимулятора при хирургическом лечении кишечной непроходимости увеличивает выживаемость животных на 24% по сравнению с контролем, способствует более раннему восстановлению структуры и функции тонкой кишки. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования стимуляции лимфотока при операциях на кишечнике. Surgical treatment of bowel diseases is associated with complications that cause microcirculatory disturbances in the anastomosis area and may lead to a fatal outcome. This study was based on our previous finding that peptide-type lymphatic stimulators are able to restore impaired microcirculation. The aim of this work was stimulating the lymph flow in the intestinal wall to facilitate recovery of microcirculation, structure and function of the small intestine in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. In experiments on anesthetized rats (0.6 g/kg chloral hydrate in 0.9% NaCl), various small bowel lesions were modeled (bowel ligation, ligation of 1-3 mesenteric arteries, gut torsion, combination of several lesion types). In 24 h, the damaged area was resected, and a small intestine anastomosis was creased. The surgery was completed with irrigation of the operative field with a solution of lymph flow stimulating peptide (40 мg/kg body weight in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl). A gut fragment from the anastomosis area was examined histologically on day 7 after the surgery. Results. On the 7th day after removing the intestinal obstruction, the surviving animals (lethality 30%) had morphological signs of acute vascular disorders in the intestinal wall; changes in blood and lymphatic microvessels; interstitial edema of all intestinal wall layers; dilatation of the intestinal lumen; damage to the absorptive epithelium of villi with thinning of the brush border, and hyperfunction of mucous (goblet) cells. The use of the peptide after surgery increased the survival rate of animals by 24% and provided a smaller dilatation of the intestinal lumen in some animals. In other animals, the lumen recovered. The shape of intestinal villi and distribution of goblet cells were restored. Signs of intracellular and intermuscular edema were absent. Moderate venular congestion was noticed. Conclusion. Using the lymphatic stimulator in surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction increases the survival rate of animals by 24% compared to the control, facilitates earlier restoration of the small intestine structure and function. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of lymphatic stimulation in intestinal surgery.

Studi Histokimia Usus Biawak Air (Varanus salvator bivittatus) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Histological Section ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Paraffin Method

Biological information, behaviour and suitable habitat of water monitor was very less in order to support its maintenance management and breeding efforts. One of important information is the information of digestive tract, particularly the information about the structure of intestine tissue of water monitor. Sample in this research was intestine organ of water monitor. The animal was anesthetized, exanguinated, and fixed in paraformaldehyde 4% by tissue perfusion method. The intestine tissue sample for histological section with paraffin method was cutted with 3-4 μm thick and coloured with hematoxylin eosin (HE). Observation were performed to the structure of intestine histology. The results was analysed descriptively and presented in figures. Monitor lizard intestine consist of small intestine and large intestine. The small intestinal wall was observed similar to jejunum and ileum. The large intestinal wall was composed of transitional ephytelia and connective tissue. However, the ephytelial layer in this tissue was composed of transitional ephytelia that similar to vesica urinaria and there are no villi.

Meconium peritonitis: review of literature and own clinical observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Glavatskaya , O.V. Pribushenya , N.A. Venchikova
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Meconium Peritonitis ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Loop Expansion ◽  
The Impact

Two clinical cases of meconium peritonitis in the fetuses are presented. The diagnosis was made prenatally at 30+5 and 20+1 weeks of gestation. The main ultrasound signs were ascites, loop expansion and thickening of the intestinal wall, peritoneal calcifications, meconium pseudocysts. In one case, pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. In both cases, the pregnancy ended in premature birth, followed by surgical treatment during the first days of life. A review of the literature on the topic are discussed the etiology, the spectrum and frequency of ultrasound signs suggesting this condition in the fetus, the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis, the prognosis for the life and health of the newborn, as well as the impact of the quality and timeliness of the prenatal diagnosis on the management of pregnancy and timeliness of surgical care for the newborn.

Groundwater flow simulation and its application in GaoSong ore field, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Shiguang Xu ◽  
Chunxue Liu ◽  
Lei Lu ◽  
Liang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Seepage Field ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Groundwater Flow Field

Abstract Mine water inrush is one of the important factors threatening safe production in mines. The accurate understanding of the mine groundwater flow field can effectively reduce the hazards of mine water inrush. Numerical simulation is an important method to study the groundwater flow field. This paper numerically simulates the groundwater seepage field in the GaoSong ore field. In order to ensure the accuracy of the numerical model, the research team completed 3,724 field fissure measurements in the study area. The fracture measurement results were analyzed using the GEOFRAC method and the whole-area fracture network data were generated. On this basis, the rock mass permeability coefficient tensor of the aquifer in the study area was calculated. The tensor calculation results are used in the numerical model of groundwater flow. After calculation, the obtained numerical model can better represent the groundwater seepage field in the study area. In addition, we designed three different numerical models for calculation, mainly to explore the influence of the tensor assignment of permeability coefficient on the calculation results of water yield of the mine. The results showed that irrational fathom tensor assignment would cause a significant deviation in calculation results.

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