In vivo relationships between the cerebral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopentone in sheep after short-term administration

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Upton ◽  
Guy L. Ludbrook ◽  
Cliff Grant ◽  
Elke C. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Administration

scholarly journals The effect of short-term and long-term application of fisetin on experimentally induced airway hyperreactivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
I. Kazimierová ◽  
L. Pappová ◽  
M. Šútovská ◽  
S. Fraňová
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Airway Resistance ◽  
Term Administration

AbstractBackground:Fisetin, a derivate from the flavonol group may possess a variety of pharmacological effects. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the bronchodilatory effect of fisetin after the acute or the chronic administration to guinea pigs with allergic airway inflammation.Methods:Experimental animals were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin. Fisetin was administered in dose 5mg/kg/p.o., either once after the end of 21-days sensitization or daily during the 21-days sensitization. By using the whole-body plethysmograph, we monitored the specific airway resistance, a parameter of airway hyperreactivityin vivo. The changes of the specific airway resistance were evaluated after the short-term inhalation of the bronchoconstriction mediator-histamine (10−6mol.1−1).Results:Our results showed that the short-term as well as the long-term administration of fisetin caused decrease of the specific airway resistance values. The bronchodilatory effect of fisetin was comparable to the long-acting beta2sympathomimetic – salmeterol after the long-term administration. The measurements of the bronchodilatory activity after single administration have revealed more prolonged effect of fisetin comparing to the short-acting beta2sympathomimetic – salbutamol, as this remained even after the 5 hours, when salbutamol was already ineffective.Conclusion:In conclusion, flavonol – fisetin has shown bronchodilatory potential. In the light of this fact, fisetin may represent potential substance that can be effective in both prevention as well as control of airway inflammation symptoms.

Fatty acid synthesis in lambs in vivo as affected by nutrition and hormone administration

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Administration

Fatty acid (FA) synthesis was studied in lambs in vivo using the incorporation of tritium from tritiated water into FA under a number of experimental conditions. Expt 1 investigated the use of a high dose of tritiated water, with slaughter of the sheep after 4 h, and showed that sampling of tail fat was sucient as an index of the activity in carcass fat. Calculations of FA synthesised demonstrated the relative amounts contributed by carcass and offal. Extrapolation to a time of 24 h, assuming linearity of incorporation of tritium with time, gave results that were similar to what would be expected from the gains in body weight. Restriction of feed intake reduced the amount of FA synthesis. Expt 2 demonstrated that incorporation of tritium into FA was almost linear over 24 h after an initial delay (mixing time) and there was probably no redistribution of tritiated FA between tissues. The increased time for incorporation had 3 major advantages: the dose of tritiated water could be reduced to more manageable levels, the error due to mixing time was reduced, and the measurement of synthesis was integrated over 24 h. Expt 3 showed that increasing feed intake above 24 g/kg liveweight, which was close to maintenance, resulted in progressive increases in FA synthesis, measured by the technique of Expt 2 over 24 h. Incorporation of tritium into FA and non-saponifiable lipids, including cholesterol, in liver increased with feed intake in a sigmoid curve, with a maximum rate of change around an intake of 30 g/kg. This reflected the release of FA via lipoproteins into the circulation. The specific activity of the FA in the liver was similar to that of the ruminal FA and suggested that there was no actual synthesis in the liver. Expt 4 investigated the effects of growth hormone (GH), oestradiol, andff Triton WR1339 administration to lambs on FA synthesis following short-term administration of GH at 0·3 mg/lamb·day, oestradiol (120 µg on Day 1 and 3), or Triton WR1399. Growth hormone caused a significant reduction in FA synthesis/g FA (P < 0·05) and in FA synthesis/106 cells in subcutaneous fat (P < 0·01) after 4 days of administration. There was a reduction in cell diameter and number of fat cells/g FA (P < 0·05). Oestradiol showed a tendency to cause increased FA synthesis; there was a significant effect of treatment (P < 0·01) in omental fat. FA synthesis was significantly increased in the group of lambs given oestradiol by comparison with the group given GH (P < 0·01), whereas Triton WR1399 had no effect on FA synthesis in adipose tissue, substantiating that liver and plasma lipoproteins contribute only low amounts of FA to subcutaneous fat. Expt 5 further investigated the effects of administration of GH for 1 or 4 days to lambs on high-grain pellets consumed at high intakes (57 g/kg liveweight). GH had no effect, irrespective of how the results were expressed, but rates of FA synthesis were >10-fold higher than those in Expt 4. In both trials, plasma levels of GH were raised and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 indicated that GH was active. These results showed that FA synthesis can be measured in vivo in lambs effectively, and the method should be of more practical use than alternative methods in studies of agents affecting the level of carcass fat. The effects of GH were not as marked as those found in previous studies in pigs because of the short-term administration of GH, but even so, the excess intake of high-grain pellets appeared to prevent any effect of GH.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of CHF5074 After Short-term Administration in Healthy Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno P. Imbimbo ◽  
Enrico Frigerio ◽  
Massimo Breda ◽  
Francesco Fiorentini ◽  
Mercedes Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Administration

Short-term administration of spexin in rats reduces obesity by affecting lipolysis and lipogenesis: An in vivo and in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 113615
Author(s):  
Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek ◽  
Maciej Sassek ◽  
Dawid Szczepankiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof W Nowak ◽  
Pawel Antoni Kolodziejski
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Administration

Does short-term administration of glucagon-like peptide type 2 affect bone mass and markers of bone remodeling in short bowel patients?

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A314-A314
Author(s):  
K HADERSLEV ◽  
P JEPPESEN ◽  
B HARTMANN ◽  
J THULESEN ◽  
J GRAFF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Effects of short-term saffron (Crocus sativus L.) intake on the in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Begas ◽  
Maria Bounitsi ◽  
Thomas Kilindris ◽  
Evangelos Kouvaras ◽  
Konstantinos Makaritsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Case study in 21 st century ecotoxicology: using in vitro aromatase inhibition data to predict short term in vivo responses in adult female fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Villeneuve ◽  
Brett R. Blackwell ◽  
Jenna E. Cavallin ◽  
Wan‐Yun Cheng ◽  
David J. Feifarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Aromatase Inhibition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inhibition Data

scholarly journals H2S in acute lung injury: a therapeutic dead end(?)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Merz ◽  
Nicole Denoix ◽  
Martin Wepler ◽  
Holger Gäßler ◽  
David A. C. Messerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Circulatory Shock ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Clinical Reality ◽  
Dead End

AbstractThis review addresses the plausibility of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and circulatory shock, by contrasting the promising preclinical results to the present clinical reality. The review discusses how the narrow therapeutic window and width, and potentially toxic effects, the route, dosing, and timing of administration all have to be balanced out very carefully. The development of standardized methods to determine in vitro and in vivo H2S concentrations, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of H2S-releasing compounds is a necessity to facilitate the safety of H2S-based therapies. We suggest the potential of exploiting already clinically approved compounds, which are known or unknown H2S donors, as a surrogate strategy.

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