Surface flammability assessment, part II —validity and application of major current test methods

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. McGuire ◽  
H. J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Surface Flammability

Qualification of TMCP Pipe for Severe Sour Service: Mitigation of Local Hard Zones

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Newbury ◽  
D. P. Fairchild ◽  
C. A. Prescott ◽  
T. D. Anderson ◽  
A. J. Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Hydrogen Damage ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Sour Service

Abstract C-Mn steels are extensively used as line pipe material for sour service oil and gas applications, i.e. in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), because of their ease of fabrication, weldability and significantly lower cost compared to Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs). However, use of C-Mn steel in sour conditions can be limited by its susceptibility to various hydrogen damage mechanisms such as sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). Presently, there are several industry standards which provide guidelines for materials selection and qualification testing to ensure the integrity of carbon steel pipelines in sour service. In recent years, examples of line pipe susceptibility to SSC have occurred due to undetected Local Hard Zones (LHZs) produced during steel plate manufacture. A companion paper (Fairchild, et al, [1]) describes historical and one newly recognized root causes for LHZs. Due to this newly recognized root cause, the adequacy of the current industry practice for specifying and qualifying C-Mn line pipe for severe sour service should be evaluated. In this work, a new approach to monitoring steel plate manufacture during Thermo Mechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) in order to manage LHZs is explained. Results from implementing this qualification approach will be discussed. In addition, several gaps were identified in the current test methods and various potential modifications to address these gaps were identified. Based on the results of these studies, recommendations to the test methods are made to improve the robustness in the materials qualification process used for sour pipeline projects.

Interpretation of Indirect Tension Test Based on Viscoelasticity

1997 ◽  
Vol 1590 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Drescher ◽  
D. E. Newcomb ◽  
W. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Indirect Tension ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Indirect Tension Test

The diametral indirect tension test is a convenient configuration for determining the modulus of asphalt concrete samples. The resilient modulus test has been a traditional approach to characterizing the stiffness of asphalt concrete, but it leaves much to be desired when considering the viscous behavior this material exhibits, even at low temperatures. A method for determining the complex compliance, complex modulus, and phase angle of asphalt mixtures using the indirect tensile test and a haversine load history is presented here. This test may be performed over a range of frequencies and temperatures as demonstrated on materials used in the Minnesota Road Research Project. The use of the haversine loading simplifies the test when compared with the pulse loading and rest time used in the resilient modulus test, and it allows for the characterization of the elastic and viscous components of the material's overall behavior, which is very difficult, at best, with the current test methods.

The Development of Online Examination System Based on B/S Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ping Yu ◽  
Peng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Examination System ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Traditional Test ◽  
Online Examination ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Distance Education System

With the development of Internet technology, online education colleges and companies have developed a WWW-based distance education system. The traditional examinations are moving towards online exams based on Internet. With the development of computer technology and the increasing popularity of computers, online examinations are gradually becoming matured. Traditional test methods have been unable to meet current test demands. All aspects of traditional test can be reduced to one or two links by Online Examination, greatly reducing the workload of teachers. This paper discusses the framework of the system, jsp technology and its working principle. Due to the shortcomings of traditional test methods, the objective, impartial, scientific and rational Online Examination system has a large reference value.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal and Arsenic Content in Various Herbal Dosage Forms Marketed in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
V. M. Shchukin ◽  
N. E. Kuz’mina ◽  
Yu. N. Shvetsova ◽  
A. I. Luttseva
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Preparation Techniques

The inclusion of requirements for independent determination of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, and the current sample preparation techniques into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph. Rus.) requires the revision of the existing limits for elemental toxicants in herbal substances and herbal medicinal products produced from them.The aim of the study was to analyse the data on elemental toxicant content obtained during quality control of herbal substances (herbs, medicinal herb mixtures, extracts, and tinctures) using current test methods and sample preparation techniques, and to compare the obtained results with the Russian and foreign scientific and specialist literature.Materials and methods: the internal data on the content of critical heavy metals and arsenic in different dosage forms of herbal medicinal products, which were obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after sample preparation by decomposition in closed vessels, were compared with literature data. Results: it was demonstrated that the content of lead, cadmium, and mercury in all the test samples did not exceed the Ph. Rus. limits and was consistent with the analysed literature. The arsenic content in some herbal medicinal products was higher than the established Ph. Rus. limits, but complied with the less stringent Ph. Eur. and USP requirements for herbal substances. The authors investigated the link between the content of elemental toxicants and the place of collection and the part of the plant being tested. It was shown that different types of medicinal plants had a tendency to accumulate particular elements. The authors determined the content of the elements to be controlled in extracts and tinctures. The differences in the Russian and foreign requirements for the content of elemental toxicants may be attributed to the method of obtaining experimental data that form the basis for the setting of limits.Conclusions: the results of the study confirm the validity of the existing limits for elemental toxicants in herbal medicinal products. The authors demonstrated the need to revise the existing limits for arsenic in herbal medicinal products.

scholarly journals Comparison of the PACE 2 Assay, Two Amplification Assays, and Clearview EIA for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in Female Endocervical and Urine Specimens

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2223-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-Ling Lauderdale ◽  
Lenore Landers ◽  
Ian Thorneycroft ◽  
Kimberle Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Specimens

Screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a greater proportion of sexually active patients has become an accepted protocol by most health care providers. The purpose of this study was to compare the current test methods for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis used at the University of South Alabama, the PACE 2 assay (Gen-Probe) and the Clearview EIA (Wampole Laboratories), with two amplification technologies, the AMP CT (Gen-Probe) and LCx (Abbott) assays. In addition, a number of demographic parameters were ascertained by asking questions at the time of examination as well as for health care provider concerns and preferences. One urine and four endocervical swab specimens were collected in random order from 787 female patients attending one of four obstetrics-gynecology clinics. Eighty-seven percent of patients had no STD-related symptoms. Patients were considered positive for C. trachomatis if three or more assays (swab and/or urine) were positive. Abbott and Gen-Probe confirmed discrepant results by alternate amplified assays. A total of 66 true-positive specimens were detected by use of the combination of endocervical swabs and urine specimens. After discrepant analysis, sensitivities for endocervical swab specimens for the EIA and the PACE 2, LCx, and AMP CT assays were 50, 81, 97, and 100%, respectively. Sensitivities for the LCx and AMP CT assays with urine specimens were 98 and 81%, respectively. The prevalence of C. trachomatiswas 8.4%, as determined by amplification technology. Overall, the amplification technologies were the most sensitive methods with either swab (AMP CT assay) or urine (LCx assay) specimens. The PACE 2 assay offered the advantage of a simpler and less expensive assay with acceptable sensitivity. The clearview CT EIA, while yielding a rapid in-office result, had unacceptably low sensitivity. The wide variation in performance with amplification assays with urine specimens as reported in both this study and the literature obviates the need to clarify optimal parameters for this specimen type.

scholarly journals How do we diagnose immune thrombocytopenia in 2018?

Hematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Kelton ◽  
John R. Vrbensky ◽  
Donald M. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract In this report, we will review the various clinical and laboratory approaches to diagnosing immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with a focus on its laboratory diagnosis. We will also summarize the results from a number of laboratories that have applied techniques to detect anti-platelet autoantibodies as diagnostic tests for ITP. Although there is considerable variability in methods among laboratories, there is general agreement that platelet autoantibody testing has a high specificity but low sensitivity. This suggests several possibilities: (1) the ideal test for ITP has yet to be developed, (2) current test methods need to be improved, or (3) ITP is the clinical expression of a variety of thrombocytopenic disorders with different underlying mechanisms. Even the clinical diagnosis of ITP is complex, and experienced clinicians do not always agree on whether a particular patient has ITP. Improvements in the diagnostic approach to ITP are necessary to improve the management of this disorder.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Surface Coatings on De-Icing/Anti-Icing Fluids Aerodynamic and Endurance Time Performances

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Villeneuve ◽  
Jean-Denis Brassard ◽  
Christophe Volat
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Acceptance Test ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
International Laboratory

The Anti-icing Materials International Laboratory (AMIL) has been testing SAE AMS1424 and AMS1428 ground de-icing/anti-icing fluids for more than 30 years. With the introduction of new surface coatings and their investigation as potential passive ice protection systems, or for hybrid use with other methods, it is important to understand their interaction with the ground de-icing/anti-icing fluids prior to applications on aircraft. In this study, five different surface coatings, both commercially available and under development, have been tested under two current test methods used to qualify the ground de-icing/anti-icing fluids: The Water Spray Endurance Test (WSET) and the Aerodynamic Acceptance Test (AAT). The tests were performed on three existing commercial de-icing/anti-icing fluids. The results have shown that the coatings tested in this study can considerably reduce the endurance time of the fluids and affect their ability to spread and wet the test surface. Superhydrophobic 1 coating also reduced the aerodynamic penalties created by the Ref. Fluid. Surface coatings, no matter their nature, can impact the performances and behaviour of the fluids and should be thoroughly tested before their use in the industry. The conclusions and methodology of this study were used in the development of sections of the SAE AIR6232 Aircraft Surface Coating Interaction with the Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids standard.

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