Response of the plant root to aluminum stress: Analysis of the inhibition of the root elongation and changes in membrane function

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Matsumoto ◽  
Yasushi Senoo ◽  
Minobu Kasai ◽  
Masayoshi Maeshima
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Membrane Function

scholarly journals Cultivar Differences in the Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Common Beans to Aluminum Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Brigitta Tóth ◽  
Makoena Joyce Moloi ◽  
Lóránt Szőke ◽  
Mátyás Danter ◽  
Michael A. Grusak
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Al Treatment

Soil conditions leading to high levels of available aluminum are detrimental to plant growth, but data are limited on genotypic differences in tolerance to aluminum stress in some crops. The aim of this study was to examine the morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes in roots and shoots of 25 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (Pinto market class) under aluminum (Al) treatment. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the range of responses amongst the common bean cultivars relative to their Al toxicity tolerance and sensitivity. Plants were grown hydroponically using a simplified nutrient solution with or without 20 µM AlCl3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were measured to establish the effects of Al treatment on the plants. In addition, growth parameters such as shoot and root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root elongation, and root volume changes were also investigated. The cultivar effect was significant for all the measured parameters, except for shoot dry weight. Inhibition of the root and shoot dry weight for selected common bean cultivars shows that the response of common bean to Al stress is genotype-specific. Additionally, Al-induced root elongation inhibition and root volume changes varied among the cultivars. Most cultivars had significantly higher SOD activity (20 of 25 cultivars) and POD activity (12 cultivars) under AlCl3 treatment compared to the controls. A positive significant correlation was observed between MDA and ROS, showing that Al stress induced the accumulation of ROS along with an increase in lipid peroxidation. According to the results of this study, Arapaho and AC Island cultivars could potentially be used in the future production of common beans under Al stress. Therefore, these two cultivars could also be included in Al tolerance breeding programs.

APPLICATION OF VERTICAL-BEAM IN-AIR PIXE TO SURFACE ANALYSIS OF PLANT ROOT EXPOSED TO ALUMINUM STRESS

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
SATOSHI YOKOTA ◽  
JUN-ICHI INOUE ◽  
KEISUKE MUROZONO ◽  
SIGEO MATSUYAMA ◽  
HIROMICHI YAMAZAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Vertical Beam

Elemental composition of living cells and tissues reflects their physiological function and status. However, it has been difficult to know in-situ elemental distribution by conventional analytical methods. In-air PIXE seems suitable for surface analysis of living cells and tissues because any treatment (e.g. freeze drying, digestion) is not required before and during measurement. We applied Via (vertical-beam in-air) PIXE to surface analysis of plant roots exposed to aluminum ( Al ). Aluminum stress is a major factor that limits elongation of plant roots in acid soils. We previously reported decrease in atomic ratio of potassium to phosphorus (K/P ratio) of dried root-tip of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under Al stress using in-vacuum PIXE. In Via PIXE, 5 to 7-minute irradiation by 3 MeV proton beams of 200 pA was sufficient to obtain X-ray spectra without drying root samples. Decrease in K/P ratio in surface cells of root-tips was observed by short-term (6-8 h) exposure of root to Al . Via PIXE is recognized as a powerful tool for in-situ surface analysis of plant material.

Radial oxygen loss and physical barriers in relation to root tissue age in species with different types of aerenchyma

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena E. Manzur ◽  
Agustín A. Grimoldi ◽  
Pedro Insausti ◽  
Gustavo G. Striker
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Radial Oxygen Loss ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Oxygen Loss ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Apoplastic Barriers

Plant root aeration relies on aerenchyma and barrier formation in outer cortex influencing the radial oxygen loss (ROL) from roots towards the rhizosphere. Plant species display large variation in strategies for both responses. We investigated the impacts of root-zone hypoxia on aerenchyma formation and development of ROL apoplastic barriers in the outer cortex as a function of root tissue age using three lowland grassland species, each with alternative aerenchyma structure. All species increased root aerenchyma and continued with root elongation after imposing hypoxia. However, ROL barrier development differed: (i) Rumex crispus L. displayed only ‘partial’ barrier to ROL evidenced at older tissue ages, (ii) Cyperus eragrostis Lam. initiated a ‘tighter’ barrier to ROL following exposure to hypoxia in tissues older than 3 days, and (iii) Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf demonstrated highly effective inhibition of ROL under aerated and hypoxic conditions at all tissue ages related to constitutive ‘tight’ apoplastic barriers in outer cortex. Thus, hypoxic conditions affected root elongation and ‘tightness’ of apoplastic barriers depending on species. The physiological implications of the different ROL responses among species in relation to the differential formation of barriers are discussed.

scholarly journals AtMYB44 Positively Regulates the Enhanced Elongation of Primary Roots Induced by N-3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-Homoserine Lactone in Arabidopsis thaliana

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 774-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Man Li ◽  
Zhenhua Jia ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Hong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Cellular Analysis ◽  
Primary Root Growth

N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) are the quorum-sensing (QS) signal molecules used by many gram-negative bacteria to coordinate their collective behavior in a population. Recent evidence demonstrates their roles in plant root growth and defense responses. AtMYB44 is a multifaceted transcriptional factor that functions in many physiological processes in plants but whether AtMYB44 modulates the plant response to AHL with aspects of primary root elongation remains unknown. Here, we show that the expression of AtMYB44 was upregulated upon treatment with N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL). The stimulatory effect of 3OC6-HSL on primary root elongation was abolished in the AtMYB44 functional-deficiency mutant atmby44. In contrast, an enhanced promoting-impact of 3OC6-HSL on primary root growth was observed in AtMYB44-overexpressing plant MYB44OTA. Cellular analysis indicated that the prolonged primary root elicited by 3OC6-HSL is the consequence of increased cell division in the meristem zone and enhanced cell elongation in the elongation zone, and AtMYB44 may act as a positive regulator in this process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AtMYB44 might participate in the 3OC6-HSL-mediated primary root growth via regulating the expression of cytokinin- and auxin-related genes. The data establish a genetic connection between the regulatory role of AtMYB44 in phytohormones-related gene expression and plant response to the bacterial QS signal.

Histological and Cytological Effects of Haloxyfop on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Unicorn-Plant (Proboscidea louisianica) Root Meristems

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Vaughn ◽  
Morris G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Plant Root Elongation

The effects of haloxyfop on elongation, mitotic index, and morphology of sorghum and unicorn-plant primary roots were examined. Elongation of sorghum roots was completely inhibited by haloxyfop concentrations of 10–6M or greater 24 h after treatment, whereas unicorn-plant root elongation was unaffected by the same concentrations 72 h after treatment. Mitotic indices of sorghum roots were reduced by both 10–6and 10–8M haloxyfop, with the higher concentration reducing the index to near zero by 24 h of exposure. The mitotic indices of unicorn-plant roots were unaffected by the same levels of the herbicide after both 24- and 48-h treatment. Histological analyses showed that after 24 h exposure to 10–6M haloxyfop, large vacuoles were present in cells at the root apex that normally did not exhibit these organelles. After 48 h of exposure many cells in the apical region appeared to lack visible cytoplasm and/or nuclei, and by 72 h only cell walls remained visibly evident, and many cells had collapsed. These changes are similar to those that occur in tissues undergoing senescence. Treatment of sorghum roots with 10–8M haloxyfop did not cause discernible changes after 72 h. Unicorn-plant roots treated with 10–6M haloxyfop appeared unaffected after 72 h.

Inhibition by mevinolin of mevalonate formation and plant root elongation

1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 242-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Bach ◽  
H. K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Root Elongation
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