Effects of long-term open-air exposure to fluoride, nitrogen compounds and SO2 on visible symptoms, pollutant accumulation and ultrastructure of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings

Trees ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Wulff ◽  
Lauri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Air Exposure

Do decomposing Scots pine, Norway spruce, and silver birch stems retain nitrogen?

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 3047-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Raija Laiho ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Leena Finér
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
N Pool

The contents of nitrogen (N) have generally been observed to increase in the early stages of decomposition in coarse woody debris and then to decrease slowly. This is potentially an important mechanism of nutrient retention in ecosystems after disturbances. We studied N dynamics in decomposing Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth.) stems in Finland. The oldest stems had decomposed for 34 (spruce and birch) or 45 (pine) years. Concentrations of N in both fallen logs and standing snags increased and C/N ratios decreased with time, and birch had significantly higher N concentrations and lower C/N ratios than pine and spruce. Even though increased N contents were observed in some cases, N was generally already released in the early stages of decomposition and more rapidly from birch than from conifers. Based on model analysis, from 40% (pine and spruce) to 50% (birch) of initial N was released within 30 years. The results suggest that decomposing stems of especially Scots pine and Norway spruce retain N rather effectively in boreal forest ecosystems and form a long-term, small but steady N pool with a slow release rate.

Terpenoids in the wood of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings exposed to ozone at different nitrogen availability

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2140-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A -M Manninen ◽  
J Utriainen ◽  
T Holopainen ◽  
P Kainulainen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Carbon Based

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were exposed to low-level ozone (O3) in an open-air exposure system for three or two growing seasons, respectively. Simultaneously, seedlings were supplied with nutrient solution containing either optimum (control) nitrogen (N), 70% of optimum N (low N availability), or 150% of optimum N (high N availability). Carbon-based secondary compounds, e.g., terpenes and resin acids, were analysed from the stemwood. α-Pinene, 3-carene, and limonene + β-phellandrene were the major terpenes in pine wood, whereas α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene + β-phellandrene dominated in the spruce wood. Palustric + levopimaric and abietic acids were the major resin acids in the wood of both species. Ozone exposure did not cause any remarkable changes in the concentrations and proportional quantities of terpenes and resin acids in the wood of either tree species. Nitrogen availability did not affect the concentrations of carbon-based secondary compounds either, and the effects on proportional quantities were slight and ambiguous with respect to N supply. We conclude that realistically elevated levels of O3 do not have effects on concentrations of carbon-based secondary compounds of conifer wood and N availability might cause only slight changes in them. Therefore, our results do not directly support the carbon–nutrient balance hypothesis.

Growth responses following nitrogen and N–P–K–Mg additions to previously N-fertilized Scots pine and Norway spruce stands on mineral soils in Sweden

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Jacobson ◽  
Folke Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Mineral Soils

To study growth responses to refertilization, 12 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and 6 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands used in long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization experiments were refertilized with N, either alone or with various combinations and doses of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg). Many of the experimental plots had previously been subjected to heavy N fertilization regimes over a period of 20–30 years. On average, for all the experiments, the latest N addition resulted in a significant growth increase, corresponding to 57% of the mean annual volume increment and comparable with the response to the initial fertilization. Differences in growth response between fertilization with N alone or in combination with P–K–Mg were in most cases insignificant for both tree species. Overall, the joint addition of P–K–Mg resulted in a nonsignificant additional growth increase of 0.2 m3·ha–1·year–1, corresponding to 6% of the N fertilization effect. Repeated additions of N alone had no effect on the P, K, and Mg concentrations in current-year needles. It was concluded that the repeated N fertilizations did not cause any serious nutrient deficiencies.

Effects of long-term open-air exposure to fluoride, nitrogen compounds and SO

Trees ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wulff ◽  
Lauri Kärenlampi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Air Exposure

Long-term responses of Scots pine and Norway spruce stands in Sweden to repeated fertilization and thinning

2014 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Bergh ◽  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
H.Lee Allen ◽  
Ulf Johansson ◽  
Nils Fahlvik
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Spruce Stands

scholarly journals Nitrogen budgets for Scots pine and Norway spruce ecosystems 12 and 7 years after the end of long-term fertilisation

2007 ◽  
Vol 238 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 130-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ladanai ◽  
Göran I. Ågren ◽  
Riitta Hyvönen ◽  
Helene Lundkvist
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets

Long-term exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation has no significant effects on growth or secondary compounds of outdoor-grown Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Turtola ◽  
Leena Sallas ◽  
Jarmo K. Holopainen ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Pirjo Kainulainen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Secondary Compounds
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