Age differences in contingent negative variation activity of healthy young adults and presenile subjects

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zappoli ◽  
A. Versari ◽  
M. Paganini ◽  
G. Arnetoli ◽  
V. Roma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation

scholarly journals EXPLORING AGE, GENDER, AND RELATIONSHIP CLOSENESS DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO IGNORED DISRESPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S305-S305
Author(s):  
Jenessa C Steele ◽  
Amanda Chappell ◽  
Rachel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Close Condition

Abstract Emotional responses to disrespect tend to be negative (Hawkins, 2015). Little is known about how responses to disrespect vary across age groups and relationship closeness. It is unknown whether older adults have more emotional protection against disrespectful experiences, or are more deeply affected due to relationship closeness. Overall, we might expect that older adults react less negatively to disrespect compared to young adults, as they are more-skilled emotion regulators (Carstensen, 1991; English & Carstensen, 2014). We aimed to explore if, and under which circumstances, older adults are more or less sensitive to disrespect compared to younger adults. Three hundred participants responded to six scenarios illustrating ignored disrespect. Participants were randomly assigned to close or distant relationship disrespect scenarios. Relationship closeness was first determined by requesting participants identify a person in each layer of Kahn and Antonucci’s (1980) Social Convoy Model. Identified names were then automatically inserted into the six scenarios. Emotional responses and sensitivity to each scenario were recorded. Participants in the close condition reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than participants in the distant condition. Females reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than males. We did not find overwhelming support for age differences in responses to disrespect. A single scenario indicated younger participants more sensitive to disrespect than older participants. Findings suggest it is more hurtful to be disrespected by someone close to you and females may be more sensitive to disrespect than males. More research investigating the role of age in disrespect is needed.

Intra- and intergenerational communication satisfaction as a function of an individual’s age and age stereotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Chen ◽  
Brian Edward King
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Communication Satisfaction ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Ingroup Outgroup ◽  
The Relationship

The present study assessed the positivity of an individual’s age stereotypes and examined the relationship between individuals’ age stereotypes and intra- and intergenerational communication satisfaction. In addition, two alternative hypotheses (i.e., an ingroup/outgroup hypothesis and a developmental hypothesis) were tested for explaining age differences in intra- and intergenerational communication satisfaction. Specifically, 118 young adults and 102 old adults participated in the study and were asked to generate traits about “a typical 20-year-old woman” and “a typical 70-year-old woman”. Participants also imagined a conversation with the targets and filled out a questionnaire measuring intra- and intergenerational communication satisfaction. Participants with a positive age stereotype toward the opposite age group perceived a higher level of intergenerational communication satisfaction and a lower level of dissatisfaction than those who held a neutral or a negative stereotype. In addition, old adults expressed lower levels of communication dissatisfaction than young adults regardless of which age group they interacted with. Results of this study supported the developmental hypothesis.

Age Differences in Source Monitoring and Referent Discrimination

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad Ruiz-Gallego-Largo ◽  
Teresa Simón ◽  
Aurora G. Suengas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Framework ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Two Age Groups

In contrast to previous studies which addressed separately memory for source and referent, the present experiment analyzes the effects of aging on memory for both, source and referent. The experiment simulated a conversation between two people exchanging descriptors of themselves and the other speaker (e.g., “I am helpful,” “you are capable”). Participants (N = 60) were divided into two age groups: younger (M = 23.47 years old, SD = 2.37), older (M = 70.30 years old, SD = 3.73). Recall, recognition, and accuracy in identifying source (e.g., “who said helpful?”) and referent (e.g., “about whom was capable said?”) were analyzed. Younger and older adults recalled and recognized equally well information read by the experimenter about herself, but only young adults showed better memory for the descriptors they read about themselves. Older adults were impaired in source monitoring, but not in reference discrimination. Normal referent discrimination in older adults is attributed to the fact that the referent forms part of the content of the episode, whereas who spoke it is part of its context, and older adults tend to show greater deficits in context than in content memory. These results are explained within the source and reality monitoring framework.

scholarly journals Behavioral and fMRI evidence that arousal enhances bottom-up attention and memory selectivity in young but not older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N Gallant ◽  
Briana L Kennedy ◽  
Shelby L Bachman ◽  
Ringo Huang ◽  
Tae-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Selective Processing ◽  
The Brain

During a challenge or emotional experience, increases in arousal help us focus on the most salient or relevant details and ignore distracting stimuli. The noradrenergic system integrates signals about arousal states throughout the brain and helps coordinate this adaptive attentional selectivity. However, age-related changes in the noradrenergic system and attention networks in the brain may reduce the efficiency of arousal to modulate selective processing in older adults. In the current neuroimaging study, we examined age differences in how arousal affects bottom-up attention to category-selective stimuli differing in perceptual salience. We found a dissociation in how arousal modulates selective processing in the young and older brain. In young adults, emotionally arousing sounds enhanced selective incidental memory and brain activity in the extrastriate body area for salient versus non-salient images of bodies. Older adults showed no such advantage in selective processing under arousal. These age differences could not be attributed to changes in the arousal response or less neural distinctiveness in old age. Rather, our results suggest that, relative to young adults, older adults become less effective at focusing on salient over non-salient details during increases in emotional arousal.

Age Differences and Similarities in Associated Stressors and Outcomes Among Young, Midlife, and Older Adult Family Caregivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502090526
Author(s):  
Athena Koumoutzis ◽  
Kelly E. Cichy ◽  
Mary Dellmann-Jenkins ◽  
Maureen Blankemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Emotional Strain

Background and Objectives Few studies have simultaneously compared caregivers in all stages of the adult life course. This study examined age differences in associations among primary stressors (caregiver burden which includes hours of provided care and number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living performed), secondary stressors (financial and employment strains), and caregiver outcomes (emotional strain and physical strain). Research Design Using Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and the Caregiving in the United States 2015 dataset, 1,156 caregivers were identified (including 278 young adults aged 18–39 years, 464 midlife adults aged 40–59 years, and 414 older adults aged 60–80 years). Results Post hoc analyses revealed that compared to older adults, young adults reported less caregiver burden, less physical strain, and greater financial strain. Linear regression analyses revealed associations between caregiver burden and financial strain with emotional and physical strain for all respondents. Discussion and Implications Findings emphasize the need for age-specific interventions.

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