Establishment of the Riemannian structure of space-time by classical means

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1767-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Schelb
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Riemannian Structure ◽  
Classical Means

scholarly journals GAUGE FIELDS ON RIEMANN-CARTAN SPACE-TIMES

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (11) ◽  
pp. 971-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO SAA
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Theory ◽  
Differential Forms ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Riemannian Structure ◽  
Minimal Coupling ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Exterior Calculus ◽  
Coupling Procedure ◽  
Action Formulation

Gauge fields are described on a Riemann-Cartan space-time by means of tensor-valued differential forms and exterior calculus. It is shown that minimal coupling procedure leads to a gauge invariant theory where gauge fields interact with torsion, and that consistency conditions for the gauge fields impose restrictions in the non-Riemannian structure of space-time. The new results differ from the well established ones obtained by using minimal coupling procedure at the action formulation. The sources of these differences are pointed out and discussed.

Space, Time and Einstein

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Space Time

Spinors and Space-Time

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Penrose ◽  
Wolfgang Rindler
Keyword(s):  
Space Time

Do Writing Directions Influence How People Map Space onto Time?

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Wenxing Yang ◽  
Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Psychological Experiments ◽  
Vertical Up

Abstract. The causal role of a unidirectional orthography in shaping speakers’ mental representations of time seems to be well established by many psychological experiments. However, the question of whether bidirectional writing systems in some languages can also produce such an impact on temporal cognition remains unresolved. To address this issue, the present study focused on Japanese and Taiwanese, both of which have a similar mix of texts written horizontally from left to right (HLR) and vertically from top to bottom (VTB). Two experiments were performed which recruited Japanese and Taiwanese speakers as participants. Experiment 1 used an explicit temporal arrangement design, and Experiment 2 measured implicit space-time associations in participants along the horizontal (left/right) and the vertical (up/down) axis. Converging evidence gathered from the two experiments demonstrate that neither Japanese speakers nor Taiwanese speakers aligned their vertical representations of time with the VTB writing orientation. Along the horizontal axis, only Japanese speakers encoded elapsing time into a left-to-right linear layout, which was commensurate with the HLR writing direction. Therefore, two distinct writing orientations of a language could not bring about two coexisting mental time lines. Possible theoretical implications underlying the findings are discussed.

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