Psychometric and information processing properties of selected response time models

Psychometrika ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. P. Van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Response Time Models ◽  
Processing Properties

Visual control of orientation behaviour in the fly: Part I. A quantitative analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Reichardt ◽  
Tomaso Poggio
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Logical Organization ◽  
Integrative Level ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
Different Levels

An understanding of sensory information processing in the nervous system will probably require investigations with a variety of ‘model’ systems at different levels of complexity.Our choice of a suitable model system was constrained by two conflicting requirements: on one hand the information processing properties of the system should be rather complex, on the other hand the system should be amenable to a quantitative analysis. In this sense the fly represents a compromise.In these two papers we explore how optical information is processed by the fly's visual system. Our objective is to unravel the logical organization of the fly's visual system and its underlying functional and computational principles. Our approach is at a highly integrative level. There are different levels of analysing and ‘understanding’ complex systems, like a brain or a sophisticated computer.

scholarly journals Supportive or information-processing functions of the mature protoplasmic astrocyte in the mammalian CNS? A critical appraisal

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold K. Kimelberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Domain Concept

AbstractIt has been proposed that astrocytes should no longer be viewed purely as support cells for neurons, such as providing a constant environment and metabolic substrates, but that they should also be viewed as being involved in affecting synaptic activity in an active way and, therefore, an integral part of the information-processing properties of the brain. This essay discusses the possible differences between a support and an instructive role, and concludes that any distinction has to be blurred. In view of this, and a brief overview of the nature of the data, the new evidence seems insufficient to conclude that the physiological roles of mature astrocytes go beyond a general support role. I propose a model of mature protoplasmic astrocyte function that is drawn from the most recent data on their structure, the domain concept and their syncytial characteristics, of an independent rather than integrative functioning of the ends of each process where the activities that affect synaptic activity and blood vessel diameter will be concentrated.

Relaxation Training Effects on Reaction/Response Time, Frontalis EMG, and Behavioral Measures of Relaxation With Hyperactive Males

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Eason ◽  
Jeffrey E. Brandon ◽  
Theresa L. Smith ◽  
Denise C. Serpas
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
Behavioral Relaxation Training

The purposes of this study were to determine if three medically diagnosed hyperactive males could be taught to relax using a modified version of Behavioral Relaxation Training (BRT), as confirmed by frontalis electromyographic (EMG) data and by Poppen’s Behavioral Relaxation Scale (BRS), and to determine if a relaxed state is more optimal for performing attention-demanding motor tasks. After obtaining baseline data for relaxation and reaction/response time variables, subjects received six to eight sessions of BRT, followed by posttesting and a 1-month follow-up. Results indicated large reductions in BRS scores, EMG reductions in two of the three subjects, and reductions in reaction/response time. The results supported the use of relaxation training for facilitating information processing.

Lumped-Parameter Response Time Models for Pneumatic Circuit Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Stanley ◽  
Amirhossein Amini ◽  
Casey Glick ◽  
Nathan Usevitch ◽  
Yiğit Mengüç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Response Time Models ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Fluidic Circuits ◽  
Timing Models

Abstract Resistor–capacitor (RC) response time models for pressurizing and depressurizing a pneumatic capacitor (mass accumulator) through a resistor (flow restriction) comprise a framework to systematically analyze complex fluidic circuits. A model for pneumatic resistance is derived from a combination of fundamental fluid mechanics and experimental results. Models describing compressible fluid capacitance are derived from thermodynamic first principles and validated experimentally. The models are combined to derive the ordinary differential equations that describe the RC dynamics. These equations are solved analytically for rigid capacitors and numerically for deformable capacitors to generate pressure response curves as a function of time. The dynamic pressurization and depressurization response times to reach 63.2% (or 1−e−1) of exponential decay are validated in simple pneumatic circuits with combinations of flow restrictions ranging from 100 μm to 1 mm in diameter, source pressures ranging from 5 to 200 kPa, and capacitor volumes of 0.5 to 16 mL. Our RC models predict the response times, which range from a few milliseconds to multiple seconds depending on the combination, with a coefficient of determination of r2=0.983. The utility of the models is demonstrated in a multicomponent fluidic circuit to find the optimal diameter of tubing between a three-way electromechanical valve and a pneumatic capacitor to minimize the response time for the changing pressure in the capacitor. These lumped-parameter models represent foundational blocks upon which timing models of pneumatic circuits can be built for a variety of applications from soft robotics and industrial automation to high-speed microfluidics.

Solving the Problem of Determining the Maximum Fault Tolerance of Distributed Information Processing Systems with a Limit on Their Reactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Andrey Scoba ◽  
◽  
Vladislav Mikhaylov ◽  
Ayesh Achmed Nafea Ayesh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Response Time ◽  
System Response ◽  
Queuing Network ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Reliability Characteristics ◽  
System Response Time ◽  
Network States ◽  
Stationary Probabilities

The use of exponential Queuing networks for calculating the reliability characteristics of distributed in-formation processing systems is proposed. This allows you to naturally tie the reliability characteristics of the system (failure rates) with its technical and operational characteristics (the average response time of the system to user requests). And also reduce the problem to calculating stationary probabilities of Queuing network States. The article formulates and solves the optimization problem of finding the maximum fault tolerance of distributed information processing systems implemented on the basis of a two-level and three-level client-server architecture with a fixed value of the average system response time to user requests. The problem of determining the fault tolerance indicators of distributed information processing systems is reduced to the problem of deter-mining the stationary probabilities of Queuing network States. The article presents the results of numerical ex-periments. The analysis of the obtained results shows the prospects of using these models to obtain estimates of the reliability characteristics distributed information processing systems in various subject areas.

Neural modulations in processing of natural information in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s819-s819
Author(s):  
Y. Lerner ◽  
M. Bleich-Cohen ◽  
W. Madah ◽  
S. Solnik ◽  
G. Yogev-Seligmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Real Life ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Natural Information ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Information Comprehension ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Recent studies in healthy populations have shown a hierarchical network of brain areas to process information over time. Specifically, we revealed that the capacity to accumulate information changes gradually from the early sensory areas toward high-order perceptual and cognitive areas. Previous research in schizophrenia pointed to impairment in comprehension of information. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying the breakdown of information processing are poorly known. Better understanding of the neural circuits involved in information processing may assist in early identification of predisposition to the disease. Using fMRI, we examined different levels of information comprehension elicited by naturally presented stimuli. Healthy participants, patients with first episode schizophrenia and their undiagnosed siblings listened to a real-life narrated story and scrambled versions of it. To estimate the level of synchronization in response time courses, we calculated inter-subject correlation (inter-SC) across the entire stimuli within each group. The time-scale gradients found in healthy and siblings groups were consistent with our previous findings. Within the schizophrenia group, the reliability patterns obtained for the shortest and intermediate temporal scales were similar to patterns observed in healthy groups. However, the analysis of responses to story condition (long temporal scale) revealed robust and widespread disruption of the inter-SC. In comparison to healthy groups, the response time courses to the story were highly variable within the schizophrenia group, although some significant inter-SCs in the TPJ and precuneus were found. The hierarchical temporal deficit is a fundamental trait that may be a better target for the study of the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The overconstraint of response time models: Rethinking the scaling problem

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Donkin ◽  
Scott D. Brown ◽  
Andrew Heathcote
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Time Models
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