On the relationship between ratio of number of variables to number of factors and factorial determinacy

Psychometrika ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Past testate amoeba communities in landslide mountain fens (Polish Carpathians): The relationship between shell types and sediment

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362199464
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Włodzimierz Margielewski ◽  
Matthieu Mulot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
The Relationship

Landslide mountain fens formed in landslide depressions are dynamic environments as their development is disturbed by a number of factors, for example, landslides, slopewash, and surface run-off. These processes lead to the accumulation of mineral material and wood in peat. Disturbed peatlands are interesting archives of past environmental changes, but they may be challenging for providing biotic proxy-based quantitative reconstructions. Here we investigate long-term changes in testate amoeba communities from two landslide mountain fens – so far an overlooked habitat for testate amoeba investigations. Our results show that abundances of testate amoebae are extremely low in this type of peatlands, therefore not suitable for providing quantitative depth-to-water table reconstructions. However, frequent shifts of dominant testate amoeba species reflect dynamic lithological situation of the studied fens. We observed that high and stable mineral matter input into the peatlands was associated with high abundances of species producing agglutinated (xenosomic) as well as idiosomic shells which prevailed in the testate amoeba communities in both analyzed profiles. This is the first study that explores testate amoebae of landslide mountain fens in such detail, providing novel information about microbial communities of these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Proteksi Anak Jalanan di Kota Yogyakarta Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Syariah

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Khoirul Ummatin
Keyword(s):  
Social Problem ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Street Children ◽  
City Government ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Yogyakarta City

The problem of street children is a social problem that often occurs in urban areas. We may often meet many children who are on the streets. Such a scene is influenced by a number of factors that cause children to suffer in life on the streets, such as family financial difficulties or pressure from poverty, parental disharmony, and special problems regarding the relationship between children and parents. The existence of street children is often a problem for various parties both from family, community and government. In overcoming the problem, the Yogyakarta city government contributed to provide a solution by issuing regional regulations related to the handling of street children, the regulation considers many aspects such as replacing repressive approaches or forced withdrawal then becoming a humane (persuasive) approach to achieving mutual prosperity. By referring to these objectives, it is appropriate to implement a policy that needs to be based on the concept of maqasid sharia which is a study of Islamic law in establishing a law that must be accompanied by goals which are shar'i (human benefit).

The Relationship Between Challenging Behaviour, Cognitions and Stress in Mothers of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rose ◽  
Lisa Nelson ◽  
Rebecca Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Parental Cognitions ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Maternal Cognitions ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mediator ◽  
Mediation Models

Background: Cognitions are starting to receive more prominence as important when examining a number of factors including the topography of challenging behaviour. This study examined the relationships between maternal stress, challenging behaviour (aggressive and self-injurious behaviours) and parental cognitions and specifically whether maternal cognitions mediated the effect of challenging behaviour on parenting stress. Method: 46 mothers of children and young adults with ID completed questionnaires regarding their child's challenging behaviour, maternal cognitions and stress. Results: Significant correlations were found between challenging behaviour and maternal stress. The overall mediation models for aggression and self-injurious behaviour were significant. The Challenging Behaviour Perception Questionnaire: Consequences client subscale was the only independent significant mediator for both behaviours. Conclusions: Cognitions do play an important part in mediating the relationship between challenging behaviour and stress. Further research is needed to examine the similarities and differences between the mediation models for aggression and self-injurious behaviour.

scholarly journals A Resource-based Paradigm of Entrepreneurship: The Optimal Organization of Entrepreneurs as Resource

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Brian Barnard ◽  
Derrick Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Optimal Organization ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

The study examines entrepreneurs as resource, with emphasis on the entrepreneur as professional. It concludes that entrepreneurs are reliable – they are able to repeatedly innovate and venture; universal – they are not necessarily bound by industry; and experts and professionals that specialize in an area of expertise. The factors that contribute to their reliability, universality, and expertise are noted. In addition, the necessary qualifications of an entrepreneur, their development, and the factors that impact their efficiency were also investigated. It is found that entrepreneurs develop with time. By considering what motivates them, and their area of speciality, the extent by which entrepreneurs can be managed, and their authority and sphere of influence are examined.The possible ways of organizing entrepreneurs were considered, contrasting between the objectives of the entrepreneur and that of his organization. In this regard, the key aspects were: i) funding, ii) resources, iii) risk and reward sharing, and iv) opportunity recognition and development.The results raise investment culture, together with policies towards failure. The resources important for entrepreneurship are listed, as well as the factors relevant to venture success, and how this influences the organization of entrepreneurs. The benefits and also the hinderances of institutions, collaborative groups and entrepreneurs as individuals were considered. The informal and humanistic nature of networks surfaced, together with their competing method of opportunity appraisal, with more emphasis on the entrepreneur and other humanistic factors. Large organizations enabling entrepreneurship in small organizations (corporate venturing) surfaced as one of the optimal ways to organize entrepreneurs. Furthermore, given their characteristics, entrepreneurs can be readily exploited as economical and societal resource, with perhaps less cost than believed. It is found that the relationship between entrepreneurial throughput and risk and reward may be overlooked, lacking substance, and subject to stereotypical thinking. Entrepreneurial reward ignores entrepreneurial throughput, or assumes that entrepreneurial throughput is maximized through maximizing entrepreneurs' rewards. Risk minimization, particularly for the entrepreneur, is also not necessarily related to entrepreneurial throughput.The study raises a number of factors and deficiencies that impact entrepreneurial output. In view of this, a number of constructs and measures pertaining to entrepreneurship are suggested: i) entrepreneurial emergence – the method used to identify entrepreneurs, and the rate at which new entrepreneurs are identified; ii) entrepreneurial development – the growth and development of known entrepreneurs; iii) entrepreneurial longevity – the reuse and lifespan of entrepreneurs; and iv) the evaluation of entrepreneurs.The interaction between entrepreneurs and the needs of entrepreneurs also surfaced – most notably unbiased support, which they source through support networks or “entrepreneurial fraternities”. Motivation and encouragement may be as valuable advice as professional views and opinions. The study ends by raising the question whether it would indeed be possible to institutionalize entrepreneurship, mostly through legislation that require organizations to spend a percentage on entrepreneurship. A number of points support this line of thinking.

“Azharisation” of ʿUlama Training in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Kushimoto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Malaysian Students ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between al Azhar and the government policy of ulama training in Malaysia. It traces how, during the twentieth century, a number of factors led to al Azhar becoming one of the most popular choices for Malaysian students wanting to major in Islamic Studies. Initially, ulama adopted al Azhar's reformed curriculum by choice, as the mixed curriculum introduced by al Azhar, starting with Muhammad Abduh's modernisation project, helped the religious schools in Malaysia to compete with the state run modern schools. However, to demonstrate its commitment to Islam, the Malaysian state eventually started to invest in al Azhar education. Under a series of policies intended to emphasise Islam, religious education and religious administration expanded rapidly, thus providing increased job opportunities for al Azhar graduates.

Environment Related Issues

2011 ◽  
pp. 220-234
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Organizational Systems ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business Relations

The technology and trust model proposed earlier in this book, included environment related trust issues as one category of determinants of levels of trust in B2B e-commerce. These issues relate to a number of factors that may influence creation of a general environment of trust in B2B e-commerce infrastructure among the members of trading partner community. These factors influence the general attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, etc. of users/trading partners of e-commerce infrastructure, in general. This has affected the business relations among the trading parties involved. Though the inter-organizational systems have helped a lot in improving the business relations, the vulnerability and the virtual environment of such systems give rise to trust issues that may affect the level of adoption of B2B e-commerce. This chapter makes an attempt to empirically examine the relationship between the levels of trust and the identified environment-related trust issues.

Marine Mollusca of Islay and Skye

1983 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Shelagh M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Range ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisBaseline surveys of Islay and Skye show that the shores of the latter island have the more diverse mollusc population. Detailed investigation of the Mollusca associated with algae corroborates the general survey. The reason for the comparative paucity of Mollusca on Islay appears to stem from a number of factors of which the lack of variety of habitats and the shorter shores with little tidal range are the most obvious. Additional work carried out by diving and dredging enhanced the data from Skye, supporting the view that a combination of approaches produces the best results in a baseline survey, and helps to minimise any false impression of a marine fauna which may arise in surveys arbitrarily restricted to above or below low water mark or to a single method of obtaining data. The relationship of the marine molluscan fauna of Islay and Skye to that of west Scotland as a whole is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Health

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Gail Piwoz ◽  
Fernando E. Viteri
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Household Behaviour ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Underlying this article is a recognition of the relationship between poverty and poor health and nutrition and a realization that poverty does not affect al/ the members of a household uniformly. We believe that households as a whole do not operate to promote the common good of all their members. Within conditions of chronic resource scarcity, some family members consistently fare worse than others. It is, therefore, necessary to identify intra-household factors that influence health and nutrition behaviour. Given the fact that household behaviour is determined by a number of factors, several types of intervention are proposed. To improve the chances of lasting success for development programmes, we advocate designing and testing educational messages that address all aspects of household behaviour.

scholarly journals The unbearable lightness of being alternative: Idealism‐realism and purism‐pragmatism in Greek alternative media

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Dimitra L. Milioni ◽  
Pantelis Vatikiotis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
The Political ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores alternative media sustainability across a wide range of Greek projects. In this regard, it probes into a number of factors related to both the political economy (funding, organization) of these projects and the nature (real/‘imaginary’, broad reach/niche) of the relationship with their communities/audiences. The findings of the research reveal a dynamic and contradictory field regarding alternative media resilience in terms of the dialectical relationship of idealistic/realistic (on the production, organization level) and puristic/pragmatic (on the communication, reach level) features. The article concludes by highlighting the strategies employed by the most successful projects in terms of sustainability in relation to their positioning along the idealism/realism and purism/pragmatism nexus.

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