Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Zhang ◽  
S. D. Li ◽  
B. J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Light Oil

Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions

Fuel ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjin Zhang ◽  
Bangjie Chen ◽  
Shide Shen ◽  
Songying Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Oil Fractions

Analytical Formulas for In-Situ Combustion

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A.. A. Mailybaev ◽  
J.. Bruining ◽  
D.. Marchesin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Combustion Regimes

Summary There is a renewed interest in using combustion to recover medium- or high-viscosity oil. Despite numerous experimental, numerical, and analytical studies, the mechanisms for incomplete fuel combustion or oxygen consumption are not fully understood. Incomplete oxygen consumption may lead to low-temperature oxidation reactions downstream. This paper shows that these features emerge in a relatively simple 1D model, where air is injected in a porous medium filled with inert gas, water, and an oil mixture consisting of precoke, medium oil, and light oil. Precoke is a component that is dissolved in the oil but has essentially the same composition as coke. At high temperatures, precoke is converted to coke, which participates in high-temperature oxidation. At high temperatures, medium-oil components are cracked, releasing gaseous oil. Light-oil components and water are vaporized. The model possesses an analytical solution, which was obtained by a concept introduced by Zeldovich et al. (1985). This concept, which underlies most analytical approaches such as the reaction-sheet approximation and large-activation-energy asymptotics, entails that reaction can occur only in a very small temperature range because of the highly nonlinear nature of the Arrhenius factor. For a temperature below this range, the reaction rate is too slow, and for temperatures above this range, the reaction rate is so fast that either the fuel or oxygen concentrations become zero. The model results, in the absence of external heat losses, show that there are two combustion regimes in which coke or oxygen is partially consumed. In one regime, the reaction zone moves in front of the heat wave; whereas, in the other regime, the order of the waves is reversed. There are also two combustion regimes in which the coke and oxygen are completely consumed. Also, here the reaction zone can move in front of or at the back of the heat wave. Each combustion regime is described by a sequence of waves; we derive formulas for parameters in these waves. We analyze our formulas for typical in-situ-combustion data and compare the results with numerical simulation. The main conclusion is that mainly two key parameters (i.e., the injected oxygen mole fraction and the fuel concentration) determine the combustion-front structure and when either incomplete oxygen consumption or incomplete fuel consumption occurs in the high-temperature oxidation zone.

Development of Pressure Vessels Made of 9Cr-1Mo-V Steels for High-Temperature Processes in Refining Industries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Nakanishi ◽  
Tadashi Ikeuchi ◽  
Susumu Terada ◽  
Masato Yamada ◽  
Takeo Miyamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Wall Pressure ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Newly Industrializing Countries ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Shell Rings ◽  
Grade 91

Due to the increasing demands for light oil in newly industrializing countries and depletion of conventional oil resources, upgrading of heavy oil and coal-to-liquid processes have been a focus in recent years. The efficiency of these processes depends on temperature and pressure conditions, where a higher temperature, around 500°C, is likely to be used. However, 2¼Cr-1Mo-V steels which have been widely used for heavy-wall pressure vessels for many years cannot be applied to a high temperature process around 500°C since the design temperature of this material is limited to 482°C by ASME Code Section VIII, Division 2 [1]. On the other hand, 9Cr-1Mo-V steels (Grade 91), which has an excellent performance at high temperature in mechanical properties and hydrogen resistance, has been used for tubing and piping materials in power industries and it can be a candidate material for the high temperature processes. However it has not been used for pressure vessels in refining industries. In order to manufacture heavy-wall pressure vessels using 9Cr-1Mo-V steels, essential techniques including manufacture of large forged shell rings, thick wall welding and overlay welding have been developed.

Analysis of pyridine bases isolated from a high-temperature coal tar by capillary gas chromatography

1981 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Macák ◽  
Valentin Michailovich Nabivach ◽  
Petr Buryan ◽  
Jurij Sergejevich Berlizov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Pyridine Bases

Solid state 13C NMR and high temperature 1H NMR determination of bulk structural properties for mesophase-containing semi-cokes prepared from coal tar pitch

Carbon ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Andrésen ◽  
Y. Martín ◽  
S.R. Moinelo ◽  
M.M. Maroto-Valer ◽  
C.E. Snape
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Coal Tar Pitch ◽  
Solid State 13C Nmr

VI. Researches on the colouring matters derived from coal-tar.— II. On aniline-blue

1864 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Aniline Blue ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Great Simplicity

Among the several stages which mark the development of the industry of coal-tar colours, the discovery of the transformation of aniliue-red into aniline-blue will always hold a prominent position. This transition, for the first time observed by MM. Girard and De Laire, two young French chemists of M. Pelouze’s Laboratory, and subsequently matured by M. Persoz, De Laynes, and Salvetat, has become the foundation of an enormous industrial production, which, having received a powerful impulse by MM. Renard Brothers and Franc in France, and more recently by Messrs. Simpson, Maule, and Nicholson in this country, has rapidly attained to proportions of colossal magnitude. The transformation of aniline-red into aniline-blue is accomplished by a process of great simplicity, and consists, briefly expressed, in the treatment at a high temperature of rosaniline with an excess of aniline. The mode of this treatment is by no means indifferent. Rosaniline itself cannot in this manner conveniently be converted into the blue colouring matter; the transformation is, however, easily accomplished by heating rosaniline salts with aniline, or, vice versâ , rosaniline with salts of aniline. Again, the nature of the acids with which the bases are combined is by no means without influence upon the result of the operation; manufacturers give a decided preference to organic acids, such as acetic or benzoic acids.

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