HPLC-analyses of plant biomass hydrolysis and fermentation solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bonn ◽  
O. Bobleter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Hplc Analyses

scholarly journals A structural and kinetic survey of GH5_4 endoglucanases reveals determinants of broad substrate specificity and opportunities for biomass hydrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (51) ◽  
pp. 17752-17769
Author(s):  
Evan M. Glasgow ◽  
Elias I. Kemna ◽  
Craig A. Bingman ◽  
Nicole Ing ◽  
Kai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Protein Design ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Broad Specificity

Broad-specificity glycoside hydrolases (GHs) contribute to plant biomass hydrolysis by degrading a diverse range of polysaccharides, making them useful catalysts for renewable energy and biocommodity production. Discovery of new GHs with improved kinetic parameters or more tolerant substrate-binding sites could increase the efficiency of renewable bioenergy production even further. GH5 has over 50 subfamilies exhibiting selectivities for reaction with β-(1,4)–linked oligo- and polysaccharides. Among these, subfamily 4 (GH5_4) contains numerous broad-selectivity endoglucanases that hydrolyze cellulose, xyloglucan, and mixed-linkage glucans. We previously surveyed the whole subfamily and found over 100 new broad-specificity endoglucanases, although the structural origins of broad specificity remained unclear. A mechanistic understanding of GH5_4 substrate specificity would help inform the best protein design strategies and the most appropriate industrial application of broad-specificity endoglucanases. Here we report structures of 10 new GH5_4 enzymes from cellulolytic microbes and characterize their substrate selectivity using normalized reducing sugar assays and MS. We found that GH5_4 enzymes have the highest catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis of xyloglucan, glucomannan, and soluble β-glucans, with opportunistic secondary reactions on cellulose, mannan, and xylan. The positions of key aromatic residues determine the overall reaction rate and breadth of substrate tolerance, and they contribute to differences in oligosaccharide cleavage patterns. Our new composite model identifies several critical structural features that confer broad specificity and may be readily engineered into existing industrial enzymes. We demonstrate that GH5_4 endoglucanases can have broad specificity without sacrificing high activity, making them a valuable addition to the biomass deconstruction toolset.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a New Firmicutes Species Isolated from Anaerobic Biomass Hydrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Abendroth ◽  
Sarah Hahnke ◽  
Francisco M. Codoñer ◽  
Michael Klocke ◽  
Olaf Luschnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Degradation ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Plant Biomass Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Biomass

ABSTRACT A new Firmicutes isolate, strain HV4-6-A5C, was obtained from the hydrolysis stage of a mesophilic and anaerobic two-stage lab-scale leach-bed system for biomethanation of fresh grass. It is assumed that the bacterial isolate contributes to plant biomass degradation. Here, we report a draft annotated genome sequence of this organism.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Alteration in Rumen Microbiome and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Profile with Forage of Muskoxen Rumen through Comparative Metatranscriptomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Wu ◽  
Chijioke O. Elekwachi ◽  
Shiping Bai ◽  
Yuheng Luo ◽  
Keying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Plant Polysaccharide ◽  
Rumen Microbiome

Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), as the biggest herbivore in the High Arctic, has been enduring the austere arctic nutritional conditions and has evolved to ingest and digest scarce and high lignified forages to support the growth and reproduce, implying probably harbor a distinct microbial reservoir for the deconstruction of plant biomass. Therefore, metagenomics approach was applied to characterize the rumen microbial community and understand the alteration in rumen microbiome of muskoxen fed either triticale straw or brome hay. The difference in the structure of microbial communities including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa between the two forages was observed at the taxonomic level of genus. Further, although the highly abundant phylotypes in muskoxen rumen fed either triticale straw or brome hay were almost the same, the selective enrichment different phylotypes for fiber degrading, soluble substrates fermenting, electron and hydrogen scavenging through methanogenesis, acetogenesis, propionogenesis, and sulfur-reducing was also noticed. Specifically, triticale straw with higher content of fiber, cellulose selectively enriched more lignocellulolytic taxa and electron transferring taxa, while brome hay with higher nitrogen content selectively enriched more families and genera for degradable substrates-digesting. Intriguingly, the carbohydrate-active enzyme profile suggested an over representation and diversity of putative glycoside hydrolases (GHs) in the animals fed on triticale straw. The majority of the cellulases belonged to fiver GH families (i.e., GH5, GH6, GH9, GH45, and GH48) and were primarily synthesized by Ruminococcus, Piromyces, Neocallimastix, and Fibrobacter. Abundance of major genes coding for hemicellulose digestion was higher than cellulose mainly including GH8, GH10, GH16, GH26, and GH30, and these enzymes were produced by members of the genera Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium. Oligosaccharides were mainly of the GH1, GH2, GH3, and GH31 types and were associated with the genera Prevotella and Piromyces. Our results strengthen metatranscriptomic evidence in support of the understanding of the microbial community and plant polysaccharide response to changes in the feed type and host animal. The study also establishes these specific microbial consortia procured from triticale straw group can be used further for efficient plant biomass hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Candida xylanilytica sp. nov., a xylan-degrading yeast species isolated from Thailand

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanita Boonmak ◽  
Savitree Limtong ◽  
Sasitorn Jindamorakot ◽  
Somjit Am-In ◽  
Wichien Yongmanitchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
D2 Domain ◽  
Lsu Rrna Gene ◽  
Pairwise Sequence Similarity

Xylan is a major component of hemicellulose, which constitutes about 40 % of plant biomass. Hydrolysis of xylan into simple sugars is one of the important steps in the conversion of lignocellulosic material to value-added products. During an investigation of cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts, two yeast strains that were able to use cellulose and xylan as sole carbon source were found to represent a phylogenetically distinct species in the Spathaspora clade. The closest species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene was Candida subhashii. The novel species can be distinguished from the other species in the Spathaspora clade based on the ability to assimilate methanol and raffinose, growth in medium containing 60 % glucose, and growth at 42 °C. It ferments glucose but not other carbohydrates. The name Candida xylanilytica sp. nov. is proposed for this species. The type strain is KU-Xn11T ( = NBRC 106499T  = BCC 34694T  = CBS 11761T).

scholarly journals Insights into Thermophilic Plant Biomass Hydrolysis from Caldicellulosiruptor Systems Biology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Blumer-Schuette
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Current State

Plant polysaccharides continue to serve as a promising feedstock for bioproduct fermentation. However, the recalcitrant nature of plant biomass requires certain key enzymes, including cellobiohydrolases, for efficient solubilization of polysaccharides. Thermostable carbohydrate-active enzymes are sought for their stability and tolerance to other process parameters. Plant biomass degrading microbes found in biotopes like geothermally heated water sources, compost piles, and thermophilic digesters are a common source of thermostable enzymes. While traditional thermophilic enzyme discovery first focused on microbe isolation followed by functional characterization, metagenomic sequences are negating the initial need for species isolation. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the extremely thermophilic genus Caldicellulosiruptor, including genomic and metagenomic analyses in addition to recent breakthroughs in enzymology and genetic manipulation of the genus. Ten years after completing the first Caldicellulosiruptor genome sequence, the tools required for systems biology of this non-model environmental microorganism are in place.

scholarly journals Cultivation of Podospora anserina on soybean hulls results in an efficient enzyme cocktail for plant biomass hydrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miia R. Mäkelä ◽  
Ourdia Bouzid ◽  
Diogo Robl ◽  
Harm Post ◽  
Mao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Podospora Anserina ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF THE THREE SITES (GRAZED SITE, PROTECTED SITE AND SEED SOWN SITE) FOR COMPARING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN KASHMIR VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AFSHAN ANJUM BABA ◽  
SYED NASEEM UL-ZAFAR GEELANI ◽  
ISHRAT SALEEM ◽  
MOHIT HUSAIN ◽  
PERVEZ AHMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protected Site

The plant biomass for protected areas was maximum in summer (1221.56 g/m2) and minimum in winter (290.62 g/m2) as against grazed areas having maximum value 590.81 g/m2 in autumn and minimum 183.75 g/m2 in winter. Study revealed that at Protected site (Kanidajan) the above ground biomass ranged was from a minimum (1.11 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum (4.58 t ha-1) in the summer season while at Grazed site (Yousmarag), the aboveground biomass varied from a minimum (0.54 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum of 1.48 t ha-1 in summer seasonandat Seed sown site (Badipora), the lowest value of aboveground biomass obtained was 4.46 t ha-1 in spring while as the highest (7.98 t ha-1) was obtained in summer.

KINETIC AND ENZYME RECYCLING STUDIES OF IMMOBILIZED b-GLUCOSIDASE FOR LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak K. Tuli ◽  
Ruchi Agrawal ◽  
Alok Satlewal ◽  
Anshu S. Mathur ◽  
Ravi P. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzyme Recycling

REED - PLANT BIOMASS - AS RENEWABLE AND LOW-POLLUTING ENERGY RESOURCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1057
Author(s):  
Gavril Budau ◽  
Mihaela Campean ◽  
Camelia Cosereanu ◽  
Dumitru Lica
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Energy Resource
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