Interaction of expectancy and the pharmacological effects ofd-amphetamine: subjective effects and self-administration

1996 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Mitchell ◽  
C. L. Laurent ◽  
H. de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Self Administration

scholarly journals Acute Pharmacological Effects and Oral Fluid Concentrations of the Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-122 and JWH-210 in Humans After Self-Administration: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Martínez ◽  
Nunzia La Maida ◽  
Esther Papaseit ◽  
Clara Pérez-Mañá ◽  
Lourdes Poyatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Potential Health

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a group of new psychoactive drugs used recreationally with potential health risks. They are monitored by the EU Early Warning System since 2010 due to severe adverse effects on consumers. JWH-122 and JWH-210 are naphthoylindole SCs and potent cannabinoid receptor CB1 and CB2 agonists. Information about the effects of SCs usually is available from intoxication cases and surveys, and few studies on humans after controlled administration or observational/naturalistic studies using standardized measures of cardiovascular and subjective effects are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute pharmacological effects of JWH-122 and JWH-210 recreational consumption in a 4 h observational study and assess their disposition in oral fluid (OF). Sixteen volunteers self-administered 1 mg dose of JWH-122 (n = 8) or 2.25 mg mean dose of JWH-210 (range 2–3 mg, n = 8) by inhalation (smoking). Physiological parameters including blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), heart rate (HR), and cutaneous temperature were measured. A set of visual analog scales, the 49-item short-form version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI), and the Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) were used for the evaluation of subjective effects. OF was collected at baseline and at 10, 20, and 40 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after self-administration. Statistically significant increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HR were observed after JWH-122 self-administration but not after JWH-210 self-administration. JWH-210 self-administration produced significant changes in subjective drug effects, similar to those induced by THC (intensity, high, good effects, and hunger). The subjective effects following JWH-122 consumption were minimal. The maximal effects were mostly observed 20 min after intake. JWH-122 and JWH 210 OF concentration reached a peak 20 min after administration and could not be detected after 3 h. The results demonstrated a different pattern of effects of these two SCs. Due to the limitations of our observational study, further research with a larger sample and controlled studies are needed to better define the acute pharmacological effect and health risk profile of JWH-122 and JWH-210.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Acute Pharmacological Effects of Methylone and MDMA Administration in Humans and Oral Fluid Concentrations as Biomarkers of Exposure

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Lourdes Poyatos ◽  
Esther Papaseit ◽  
Eulalia Olesti ◽  
Clara Pérez-Mañá ◽  
Mireia Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Potential Abuse

Considered the β-keto analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone) is a synthetic cathinone. Over the years, methylone has been used as a substitute for conventional psychostimulants, such as MDMA. To date, little is known about the human pharmacology of methylone; the only available information has been provided by surveys or published intoxication reports. In the present observational–naturalistic study, we evaluate the acute subjective and physiological effects of methylone after oral self-administration in comparison to MDMA in healthy poly-drug users. Fourteen participants (10 males, 4 females) selected their single oral doses of methylone from 100 to 300 mg (n = 8, mean dose 187.5 mg) or MDMA from 75 to 100 mg (n = 6, mean dose 87.5 mg) based on their experience. Study variables were assessed at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h (h) and included vital signs (non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, cutaneous temperature) and subjective effects using visual analogue scales (VAS), the 49-item Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI) short form, and the Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) questionnaire. Additionally, oral fluid concentrations of methylone and MDMA were determined. Acute pharmacological effects produced by methylone followed the prototypical psychostimulant and empathogenic profile associated with MDMA, although they were less intense. Methylone concentrations in oral fluid can be considered a useful biomarker to detect acute exposure in oral fluid. Oral fluid concentrations of MDMA and methylone peaked at 2 h and concentrations of MDMA were in the range of those previously described in controlled studies. Our results demonstrate that the potential abuse liability of methylone is similar to that of MDMA in recreational subjects.

scholarly journals Acute Pharmacological Effects of Oral and Intranasal Mephedrone: An Observational Study in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Esther Papaseit ◽  
Eulalia Olesti ◽  
Clara Pérez-Mañá ◽  
Marta Torrens ◽  
Francina Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Self Administration

Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) is a synthetic cathinone with psychostimulant properties which remains one of the most popular new psychoactive substances (NPS). It is frequently used orally and/or intranasally. To date, no studies have evaluated the acute effects and pharmacokinetics after self-administration of mephedrone orally (ingestion) and intranasally (insufflation) in naturalistic conditions. An observational study was conducted to assess and compare the acute pharmacological effects, as well as the oral fluid (saliva) concentrations of mephedrone self-administered orally and intranasally. Ten healthy experienced drug users (4 females and 6 males) self-administered a single dose of mephedrone, orally (n = 5, 100–200 mg; mean 150 mg) or intranasally (n = 5, 50–100 mg, mean 70 mg). Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and cutaneous temperature) were measured at baseline (0), 1, 2, and 4 h after self-administration. Each participant completed subjective effects questionnaires: A set of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), the 49-item Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI), and Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 h after self-administration. Oral fluid and urine were collected during 4 h. Both routes of mephedrone self-administration enhanced ratings of euphoria and well-being effects and increased cardiovascular effects in humans. Although it was at times assessed that the oral route produced greater and larger effects than the intranasal one, concentrations of mephedrone in oral fluid and also the total amount of mephedrone and metabolites in urine showed that concentrations of mephedrone are considerably higher when self-administered intranasally in comparison to orally. Controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our observational results.

scholarly journals Relationship between oral D-amphetamine self-administration and ratings of subjective effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5 and 6) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Levi Bolin ◽  
Anna R. Reynolds ◽  
William W. Stoops ◽  
Craig R. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Self Administration

scholarly journals Collecting systematic, introspective reports of pharmacological effects and side-effects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal P Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
First Person ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Contemplative Neuroscience ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Person Experience ◽  
Current Proposal

The study of subjective, first-person experience is a topic with both philosophical and practical implications. In this article, I discuss the value of collecting a critical mass of prose or verbal descriptions of introspectively determined, subjective effects of pharmacological agents. I suggest that datasets of introspective reports fit in the modern research landscape at the intersection of biomedical informatics and the emerging discipline of contemplative neuroscience. I compare the current proposal to Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES), discuss relevant methodological and conceptual issues in the study of introspection, and provide a list of questions for directing future investigation.

Effects of Food Deprivation on Subjective Effects and Self-Administration of Marijuana in Humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1263-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Zacny ◽  
Harriet de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Administration Rate ◽  
Elevated Heart Rate

The effects of fasting on the intake and subjective effects of marijuana were studied in five marijuana smokers. A within-subjects design was used in which subjects smoked either active (0.8 and 3.6% THC) or placebo (0.0% THC) marijuana after eating normally or after fasting for 24 hr. Six experimental sessions were conducted in a randomized order. Each 3-hr. session consisted of two periods: a sampling period in which subjects took 4 controlled puffs from a cigarette of a given potency, followed about one hour later by a 30-min. self-administration period, in which subjects could smoke as much or as little of the sampled marijuana as desired. Subjective and physiological measures (i.e., carbon monoxide level and heart rate) were assessed before and 5, 20, and 60 min. after the four puffs during the sampling period. During the self-administration period, the number of puffs taken was recorded. Dose-dependent effects of marijuana, such as elevated heart rate and “high” ratings, were observed during the sampling period, but these effects of marijuana were not affected by the feeding manipulation. Subjects varied widely in their marijuana self-administration, but self-administration was not systematically affected by fasting. We conclude that an acute period of food deprivation does not affect the mood-altering effects of different potencies of marijuana. We could not adequately demonstrate whether fasting increases the reinforcing efficacy of marijuana, since self-administration rate of active marijuana did not exceed that of placebo marijuana self-administration.

scholarly journals Naltrexone Maintenance Decreases Cannabis Self-Administration and Subjective Effects in Daily Cannabis Smokers

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2489-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Haney ◽  
Divya Ramesh ◽  
Andrew Glass ◽  
Martina Pavlicova ◽  
Gillinder Bedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Self Administration
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