Aluminum and plant age effects on adsorption of cations in the Donnan free space of ryegrass roots

1989 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Rengel ◽  
D. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Donnan Free Space

scholarly journals Ionic Relations of Cells of Ohara Australis I. Ion Exchange in the Cell Wall

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dainty ◽  
AB Hope
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Donnan Free Space ◽  
Isolated Cell

Measurements of ion exchange were made between isolated cell walls of Ohara australis and an external solution. Comparison between intact cells and cell walls showed that nearly all the easily exchangeable cations are located in the cell wall. The wall is hown to consist of "water free space" (W.F.S.) and "Donnan free space" (D.F.S.); the concentration of in diffusible anions in the D.F.S. is about O� 6 equivjl. This finding is contrary to past suggestions that the D.F.S. is in the cytoplasm of plant cells.

Ion behavior in plant cell walls. II. Measurement of the Donnan free space, anion-exclusion space, anion-exchange capacity, and cation-exchange capacity in delignified Sphagnum russowii cell walls

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Richter ◽  
Jack Dainty
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exclusion ◽  
Donnan Free Space

Isolated delignified cell walls from Sphagnum russowii Warnsdorf were incubated in various chloride salt solutions at neutral pH (pH 7 – 8), and ion sorption was measured directly by neutron activation analysis. The anion-exchange capacity was estimated to be 63 – 66 μequiv./g dry weight of wall material in the protonated form. The volume of the anion-exclusion space was 2.63 ± 0.21 (± SD, n = 3) and 1.65 ± 0.35 (± SD, n = 2) mL/g dry weight in NaCl and CaCl2, respectively. A novel approach to measure the Donnan free space is proposed: for walls equilibrated in a salt mixture containing 10 mequiv./L NaCl and 10 mequiv./L CaCl2, the Na+ ions can be considered "uncondensed" in the Manning sense. From the Donnan relationship for Na+ and Cl− ions in the internal and external phases, the Donnan free space was calculated to be 1.77 mL/g dry weight. Titrating walls from pH 2.1 to 9.1 in the presence of 10 mequiv./L NaCl and 10 mequiv./L CaCl2 revealed a maximum cation-exchange capacity above pH 6 of ca. 1900 μequiv./g dry weight. This corresponds to a fixed anionic charge concentration in the Donnan free space of 1.1 M. Key words: ion exchange, cell wall, Donnan free space.

Salt relations of woody tissues. - I. Experiments with disks of wood

1968 ◽  
Vol 169 (1017) ◽  
pp. 379-397 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Velocity Constant ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Woody Tissues ◽  
Donnan Free Space

Solutions of electrolytes when passing through the xylem undergo change in composition through interchange of ions with the walls of the cells, living and dead, and with the contents of the living cells. This interchange has been investigated in thin transverse sections of wood (mainly yew) in solutions labelled with radioactive isotopes (mainly 42 K and 82 Br). The uptake is assumed to proceed from the external solution via the ‘water free space’ (WFS) to the ‘Donnan free space’ (DFS) and the vacuoles of the living cells; for washing out the reverse. Of the total volume of yew wood about 37% is solids, about 4% is living cells, about 55% is WFS leaving about 4% DFS. The concentration of weak non-diffusible acid in the latter is about 0.8 equiv. I. -1 and its pK between 2 and 3. The velocity constant for the loss of 42 K from WFS to DFS is about 10 -2 s -1 when the wood is in equilibrium with 20 mM KCl. It is greater when the concentration is smaller and the potential difference between WFS and DFS is greater. The Q 10 of this constant is about 1.9. The efflux of potassium from the living cells is about 0.2 pequiv. cm -2 s -1 .

scholarly journals The Location of the Donnan Free Space in Disks of Beetroot Tissue

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Donnan Free Space

This paper describes experiments which show that the cell walls of beetroot tissue contain sufficient cation�exchange sites to account for at least 95% of the Donnan free space (D.F.S.) as measured by Briggs, Hope, and Pitman (1958). The contribution of the cytoplasm to the D.F.S. in their measurements was therefore less than 5%. The exchange sites in the D.F.S. of the tissue and in the cell walls have the same pKa of about 2�8, and are considered to be due to bound Ilronic acids.

Salt relations of woody tissues. II. Experiments with lengths of wood and cut leafy shoots

1969 ◽  
Vol 171 (1025) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Leafy Shoots ◽  
Woody Tissues ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Donnan Free Space ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the concentration of a cation in the solution flowing from a length of wood from which the bark has been removed and time is compared with that expected on the assumption that the velocity of flow is uniform and that the constants for interchange between water free space (WFS) and Donnan free space (DFS) in the wood, established previously, apply. The difference is attributed to the variation of velocity of flow with diameter of the elements in the wood and resistance in cross-walls. Measurements of uptake of cations and anions into cut shoots show that the bulk of the supply to the bark is by way of the wood although there appears to be some movement other than diffusion in the bark. The relationship between the concentration of an ion and distance from the base is considered and an exponential fall is shown to be fortuitous.

scholarly journals Plant age effects on soil infiltration rate during early plant establishment

Géotechnique ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Leung ◽  
D. Boldrin ◽  
T. Liang ◽  
Z. Y. Wu ◽  
V. Kamchoom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration Rate

The Free Space of Citrus Leaf Slices

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA Smith ◽  
AL Fox
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Orange Leaf ◽  
Donnan Free Space ◽  
Exchange Properties

Measurements of 36Cl and 22Na efflux have been used to estimate water free space and Donnan free space in Citrus (orange) leaf slices. The water free space within the slices amounts to about 0.025 ml/g fresh weight, suggesting that there is little infiltration of bathing solution into intercellular air spaces. The exchangeable cations of the Donnan free space within the slices total 20-25 μ-equiv/g fresh weight, and these values appear to reflect the exchange properties of the cell walls. The role of the free space as a 'reservoir' for ions in the intact leaf is discussed.

Critical phosphorus concentrations in parts of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf as affected by plant age

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johansen ◽  
KE Merkley ◽  
GR Dolby
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Phosphorus Status

Critical phosphorus concentrations were determined for different parts of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf at several plant ages in order to establish an appropriate sampling technique for chemical analysis of phosphorus status. Critical phosphorus concentrations were derived by using a non-rectangular hyperbola functional relationship which allowed calculation of variance associated with critical values. When expressed relative to tissue dry weight, critical phosphorus concentrations in whole shoots declined from 0.30�0,03% (95% confidence limits) at 41 days from sowing to 0.09� 0.01 % at 77 days for Siratro and from 0.33 � 0.14 % at 45 days to 0.16 � 0.03 % at 73 days for Greenleaf. Similar declines in critical phosphorus concentration with plant age were measured for combinations of all parts of the upper shoot back to the fourth expanded leaf. Thus plant age effects and variability associated with each determination of critical phosphorus concentration would limit the practicability of phosphorus analysis in detecting marginal phosphorus deficiency. This especially applies to plants growing as perennials in pastures where identification of plant age is not possible. Plant age effects can be lessened to some extent when critical phosphorus concentrations are calculated relative to tissue water, but it is suggested that less empirical techniques of plant analysis are required if plant age effects on critical phosphorus concentrations are to be overcome.

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