Tit-For-Tat in guppies (Poecilia reticulata): the relative nature of cooperation and defection during predator inspection

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Dugatkin ◽  
Michael Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Predator Inspection ◽  
Tit For Tat

scholarly journals Conditional approach as cooperation in predator inspection: a role for serotonin?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Nogueira Pimentel ◽  
Tamires dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Fernando Lima ◽  
Monica Lima-Maximino ◽  
Marta Candeias Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Refuge Use ◽  
Predator Inspection ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Conditional Approach ◽  
Tit For Tat ◽  
Link Data ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractIn guppies (Poecilia reticulata), a small number of individuals break away from a shoal and approach a potential predator, a behavior termed “predator inspection”. These animals often employ a “conditional approach” strategy, in which an individual approaches the predator in the first move and subsequently approaches it only if a second individual swims even with it during inspection. This strategy is analogous to the “tit-for-tat” strategy of the Prisoner’s Dilemma, suggesting that it could be used to study cooperation. Serotonin is thought to mediate cooperative behavior in other fish species. Exposure to the animated image of a predator in a tank that contained a parallel mirror – mimicking an equally cooperating conspecific – promoted inspection and decreased refuge use, but increased freezing, suggesting that conditional approach is also associated with fear. To understand whether serotonin participates in conditional approach in guppies, we treated animals with either vehicle (Cortland’s salt solution), fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg) or metergoline (1 mg/kg), and tested then in a predator inspection paradigm. Fluoxetine increased the time the animal spent inspecting the predator image, while metergoline decreased it. Fluoxetine also decreased time spent avoiding the predator and increased freezing, while metergoline decreased freezing. These results suggest that phasic increases in serotonin levels promote conditional approach, suggesting a role for this neurotransmitter in cooperation.Preprint: https://doi.org/10.1101/436345; Data and scripts: https://github.com/lanec-unifesspa/TFT

Observational Learning and Predator Inspection in Guppies (Poecilia reticulata )

Ethology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Brosnan ◽  
Ryan L. Earley ◽  
Lee A. Dugatkin
Keyword(s):  
Observational Learning ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Predator Inspection

scholarly journals Social partner cooperativeness influences brain oxytocin transcription in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dimitriadou ◽  
Eduarda M. Santos ◽  
Darren P. Croft ◽  
Ronny van Aerle ◽  
Indar W. Ramnarine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Predation Threat ◽  
Predator Inspection ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Aquatic Predators

AbstractFor non-kin cooperation to be maintained, individuals need to respond adaptively to the cooperative behaviour of their social partners. Currently, however, little is known about the biological responses of individuals to experiencing cooperation. Here, we quantify the neuroregulatory response of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) experiencing cooperation or defection by examining the transcriptional response of the oxytocin gene (oxt; also known as isotocin), which has been implicated in cooperative decision-making. We exposed wild-caught females to social environments where partners either cooperated or defected during predator inspection, or to a control (non-predator inspection) context, and quantified the relative transcription of the oxt gene. We tested an experimental group, originating from a site where individuals are under high predation threat and have previous experience of large aquatic predators (HP), and a control group, where individuals are under low predation threat and naïve to large aquatic predators (LP). In HP, but not LP, fish brain mid-section oxt relative transcription varied depending on social partner behaviour. HP fish experiencing cooperation during predator inspection had lower oxt transcription than those experiencing defection. This effect was not present in the control population or in the control context, where the behaviour of social partners did not affect oxt transcription. Our findings provide insight into the neuromodulation underpinning behavioural responses to social experiences, and ultimately to the proximate mechanisms underlying social decision-making.

Prior exposure to a predator influences lateralization of cooperative predator inspection in the guppy,Poecilia reticulata

2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Santi ◽  
Angelo Bisazza ◽  
Marina Cappelletti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Predator Inspection

Tit-for-tat during predator inspection, or shoaling?

1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mitchell Masters ◽  
Thomas A. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Predator Inspection ◽  
Tit For Tat
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