Monocentric fungi on species of rhizosolenia from saline habitats

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Saline Habitats

Germination and growth of Atriplex prostrata and Plantago coronopus : Two strategies to survive in saline habitats

Flora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Bueno ◽  
María L. Lendínez ◽  
Carolina Aparicio ◽  
María P. Cordovilla
Keyword(s):  
Atriplex Prostrata ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Plantago Coronopus

scholarly journals Adaptive drought tolerance during germination of Salsola drummondii seeds from saline and nonsaline habitats of the arid Arabian deserts

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attiat Elnaggar ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
Kareem A. Mosa ◽  
Teresa Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The effects of temperature, light, salinity, and drought on germination of halophytes have been extensively studied. However, few studies have focused on the germination of plants that grow well in both saline and nonsaline habitats (i.e., habitat-indifferent halophytes). Here, we assess the impacts of population origin, temperature, and light on drought tolerance, as simulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), during germination of Salsola drummondii Ulbr., a habitat-indifferent halophyte from the arid Arabian deserts. Seeds were collected from both saline and nonsaline habitats and germinated at six concentrations of PEG at three temperatures and two light regimes. An increase in the concentration of PEG resulted in a significant reduction in seed germination, especially at higher temperatures. Seeds from the nonsaline habitat attained significantly greater germination efficiency at concentrations of PEG up to –1.2 MPa, but there was no difference in germination of seeds between the two habitats at concentrations of –1.5 MPa. Seeds from the saline habitat germinated significantly faster at higher concentrations of PEG. Germination was significantly higher in darkness than in light at –1.5 MPa at the lower temperatures, but the opposite was true for the higher temperatures. Seeds from saline habitats had higher levels of dormancy and faster rates of germination at higher concentrations of PEG because of their adaptation to low osmotic potentials.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and taxonomic structure of algae in the hyperhaline reservoirs of the northwestern Azov Sea coast (Ukraine)

Algologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-405
Author(s):  
A.M. Solonenko ◽  
◽  
O.G. Bren ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Saline Land

The article represents the results of long-term algological studies of hyperhaline reservoirs of the northwestern coast of the Azov Sea. The features of the floristic composition and taxonomic structure of algae in aquatic (water column and bottom), aquatic-terrestrial (water’s edge, dried up water bodies, drying area) and terrestrial (elevated non-flooding areas) habitats of these objects are displayed. A specificity of the studied algoflora lies in the absence of representatives of certain characteristic phyla for the salt-water and non-saline land and water habitats of the territory of Ukraine. It was established that species composition of the studied reservoirs is depleted in comparison with other non-saline and marine ecosystems. Totally, 123 algae species were identified. They represente 7 phyla, 10 classes, 27 orders, 47 families, 68 genera. The largest number of species included three phyla: Cyanoprocaryota – 65 species (52.9% of the total number of identified species), Bacillariophyta – 26 (21.1%), Chlorophyta – 22 (17.9%). The first places among the six leading orders were taken by cyanoprocaryotes from Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales and diatoms from Naviculales. The most numerous species at the family level are trichomous cyanoprocaryotes from Nostocaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae, and Phormidiaceae. There were found 23 leading genera – their species richness exceeds the average indicator (1.81 species). According to the results of original studies, it was noted that all taxonomic levels of algoflora of the hyperhaline reservoirs shows features of not only saline habitats, but also of the freshwater, marine and terrestrial extreme ecosystems. Such diversity of the algal population indicates an unstable hydrological regime and complex relations of water exchange between the hyperhaline reservoirs and nearby terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

The Lichen Flora and Habitats of the Syowa Region, Continental Antarctica

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Katabatic Winds ◽  
Continental Antarctica ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Lichen Flora ◽  
Snow And Ice

AbstractThe lichen flora and habitats in the Syowa region of continental Antarctica were surveyed. The distribution patterns of lichens appear to reflect habitat salinity, derived from wind-blown sea spray. Some halotolerant species are established in saline habitats where snow dunes are well developed. Snow and ice ameliorate the salinity of the habitat and provide a major source of moisture for lichens. Wind-borne drift snow carried by katabatic winds or occasional snow showers also provide the source of moisture to lichens growing on dry rock habitats in the Syowa region.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Habitat on Salinity Tolerance of Zygophyllum coccineum with Regard to Seed Germination and Growth Parameters

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Elsayed Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed M. M. A. Kasem ◽  
Adil A. Gobouri ◽  
Amr Elkelish ◽  
Ehab Azab
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Saline Habitats

Zygophyllum coccineum is a facultative halophyte widely distributed in desert wadis and coastal areas in Egypt. Here, we investigated the influences of maternal habitat on tolerance to salt stress during germination and seedling growth under salinity (0, 100, 200, 400 mM NaCl) of three populations of Z. coccineum from a saline habitat (Manzala coast) and non-saline habitats (Wadi Houf and Wadi Asyuti). In all populations, seed germination started within two days in distilled water but germination indices were reduced significantly with salt level increase. Germination percentage was not significantly greater for seeds from non-saline habitats than for those from the saline habitat under moderate salinity (100, 200 mM NaCl), but only seeds from the saline habitat were able to germinate under high salt stress (400 mM NaCl). Germination recovery was greater for seeds from the saline habitat compared to non-saline populations. At the seedling level, the Manzala population showed the lowest inhibition of shoot length and leaf area under salinity (200 and 400 mM NaCl) compared to non-saline habitats. In the same context, the Manzala population had the maximum chlorophyll a content, superoxide dismutase and esterase activities under salinity compared to non-saline populations, but salinity had a non-significant effect on chlorophyll b between the three populations. Carotenoids were enhanced with the increase of salt levels in all populations. These results suggest the salt tolerance of Manzala population is derived from maternal salinity and adaptive plasticity of this species may play an important role in the wide distribution of Z. coccineum.

Landscape Ecology of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Outbreaks in the South Texas Coastal Plain Wildlife Corridor Including Man-Made Barriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan T Showler ◽  
Adalberto Pérez de León
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
South Texas ◽  
The South ◽  
Wildlife Corridor ◽  
Mud Flat ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Cattle Fever Tick

Abstract Landscape features and the ecology of suitable hosts influence the phenology of invasive tick species. The southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Ixodida: Ixodidae), vectors causal agents of babesiosis in cattle and it infests exotic, feral nilgai, Bosephalus tragocamelus Pallas, and indigenous white-tailed deer, Odocoilus virginianus (Zimmerman), on the South Texas coastal plain wildlife corridor. The corridor extends from the Mexico border to cattle ranches extending north from inside Willacy Co. Outbreaks of R. microplus infesting cattle and nondomesticated ungulate hosts since 2014 in the wildlife corridor have focused attention on host infestation management and, by extension, dispersal. However, there is a knowledge gap on the ecology of R. microplus outbreaks in the South Texas coastal plain wildlife corridor. Ixodid distribution on the wildlife corridor is strongly influenced by habitat salinity. Saline habitats, which constitute ≈25% of the wildlife corridor, harbor few ixodids because of occasional salt toxicity from hypersaline wind tides and infrequent storm surges, and from efficient egg predation by mud flat fiddler crabs, Uca rapax (Smith). Rhipicephalus microplus infestations on nilgai were more prevalent in part of the corridor with mixed low salinity and saline areas than in an area that is more extensively saline. The different levels of R. microplus infestation suggest that man-made barriers have created isolated areas where the ecology of R. microplus outbreaks involve infested nilgai. The possible utility of man-made barriers for R. microplus eradication in the lower part of the South Texas coastal plain wildlife corridor is discussed.

scholarly journals Ecological selection pressures for C 4 photosynthesis in the grasses

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1663) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin P. Osborne ◽  
Robert P. Freckleton
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Ecological Selection ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Ecological Association ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Use Efficiency

Grasses using the C 4 photosynthetic pathway dominate grasslands and savannahs of warm regions, and account for half of the species in this ecologically and economically important plant family. The C 4 pathway increases the potential for high rates of photosynthesis, particularly at high irradiance, and raises water-use efficiency compared with the C 3 type. It is therefore classically viewed as an adaptation to open, arid conditions. Here, we test this adaptive hypothesis using the comparative method, analysing habitat data for 117 genera of grasses, representing 15 C 4 lineages. The evidence from our three complementary analyses is consistent with the hypothesis that evolutionary selection for C 4 photosynthesis requires open environments, but we find an equal likelihood of C 4 evolutionary origins in mesic, arid and saline habitats. However, once the pathway has arisen, evolutionary transitions into arid habitats occur at higher rates in C 4 than C 3 clades. Extant C 4 genera therefore occupy a wider range of drier habitats than their C 3 counterparts because the C 4 pathway represents a pre-adaptation to arid conditions. Our analyses warn against evolutionary inferences based solely upon the high occurrence of extant C 4 species in dry habitats, and provide a novel interpretation of this classic ecological association.

Autecology of a filamentous alga, Ctenocladus circinnatus (Chlorophyceae), in saline environments

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean W. Blinn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Dominant Cation

Six highly saline habitats in arid regions of British Columbia, Nevada, and California with the chaetophoralean Ctenocladus circinnatus Borzi were investigated to characterize the unique environment of this alga. Seasonal patterns within three of these habitats were analyzed to reveal those parameters determining the restricted distribution of Ctenocladus. Sodium was the dominant cation in combination with any major anion, such as SO4−, CO3−, HCO3−. Seasonal salinity fluctuations of the water solutions were large (< 10– > 100 millimhos). Ctenocladus tolerated these high salinities and temperatures (−3 to 28 °C) as akinetes formed early in the summer and they survived as akinetes until dilution of the water solutions the next spring. The period for optimum vegetative development was short (6–12 weeks) because of an increase in salinity and temperature of the waters.Akinete germination in the laboratory was optimal between 9 and 26 °C and temperatures above 34 °C destroyed akinetes. Conversely, the freezing of akinetes produced no adverse affects. Laboratory studies showed germination and vegetative development retarded at pH below 8.0 with akinetes destroyed below 7.0. Light is essential for germination with low light intensities (214 lx) stimulating germination. Light intensities above 12 000 lx destroyed akinetes within 5 days. Sexual reproduction in both the field and laboratory was absent. The significance of the akinete and lack of sexual reproduction are correlated with laboratory and field data and the restricted distribution of Ctenocladus.

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