Selection for local adaptation in a plant breeding programme

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Plant Breeding Programme

PLANT BREEDING PROGRAMME FOR 1935 RELATIVE TO GRASSES AND CLOVERS

1935 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
L. Corkill
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Breeding Technique ◽  
Plant Research ◽  
Plant Breeding Programme

The purpose of this paper is to outline the general breeding technique adopted at the Plant Research Station in regard to the improvement of grasses and clovers to pedigree standard.

PARTICIPATORY PLANT BREEDING IN WATER-LIMITED ENVIRONMENTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CECCARELLI ◽  
S. GRANDO ◽  
M. BAUM
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Farmer Selection ◽  
Participatory Breeding ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Plant Breeding Programme

Drought is one of the major factors limiting crop production worldwide. Dry areas are a much less homogeneous population of target environments than areas with high and reliable rainfall. In this paper we argue that a decentralized participatory plant breeding programme can address the complexity of dry areas, characterized by high and repeatable genotype × locations and genotype × years within locations interactions, more efficiently and effectively than a centralized non-participatory plant breeding programme. This is because varieties can be tailored not only to the multitude of target environments typical of dry areas, but also to diverse clients needs. In addition, varieties can be delivered in a shorter time and with a higher probability of adoption. Decentralized participatory plant breeding also has beneficial effects on biodiversity because selection is for specific adaptation rather than for broad spatial adaptation. The paper gives examples of methodological aspects including the modes of farmer selection, the precision of the trials, the efficiency of selection, the response to selection, the role of the type of germplasm and the role of molecular breeding in a participatory breeding programme. The paper gives the example of drought-resistant barley lines identified through extensive field testing and selection in a decentralized participatory breeding programme, and concludes that this type of plant breeding may be better targeted, more relevant and more appropriate for poor farmers in marginal areas.

Improving Genotypic Adaptation in Crops – a Role for Breeders, Physiologists and Modellers

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shorter ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
G. L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Biological Model ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Traditional Approaches

SummaryApproaches using breeding, physiology and modelling for evaluating adaptation of plant genotypes to target environments are discussed and methods of characterizing the target environments outlined. Traditional approaches, and their limitations, to evaluation of genotypic adaptation using statistical and classificatory techniques with a phenotypic model are discussed. It is suggested that a simple biological model is the most appropriate framework in which to integrate physiology and modelling with plant breeding. Methods by which physiology and modelling may contribute to assessment of adaptive traits and to selection for adaptation in a breeding programme are considered.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ACCESSIONS OF Stylosanthes spp. USING MORPHOAGRONOMIC DESCRIPTORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
RONALDO SIMÃO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MANOEL ABÍLIO DE QUEIRÓZ ◽  
ROBERTO LISBOA ROMÃO ◽  
GRÉCIA CAVALCANTI DA SILVA ◽  
BRUNO PORTELA BRASILEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Plant Breeding Programme

ABSTRACT: The great diversity of plants in the Brazilian Semiarid environment represents a vital natural resource for the human populations of these areas. Many of these plants have been subject to extractivism and among these, the species of the genus Stylosanthes, which have occurrence in this region, show great potential, however, studies on this topic are limited, and little is known about the existing variability among these plants. Therefore, further study is necessary, to facilitate the development of cultivars. This might reduce the scarcity of fodder supply in this region, but to commence a plant breeding programme, it is essential to identify genetic variability. Therefore, this study evaluated 25 accessions of Stylosanthes spp., to identify the most suitable candidates to be parents in a plant breeding programme for the semiarid region of the state of Bahia. Two experiments were carried out in different sites in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replicates, with a spacing of 3.0 × 8.0 m. A large amount of genetic diversity was observed among accessions and the genotypes BGF 08-007, BGF 08-016, BGF 08-015 and BGF 08-021 were the most divergent in the overall evaluation. For the structuring of segregating populations, it is recommended to combine the genotypes BGF 08-016, BGF 08-015, BGF 08-007 and BGF 08-006, and for the interspecific crosses, a hybrid from the accession BGF-024 with the accessions BGF 08-016 or BGF 08-015. This might generate superior individuals for mass descriptors, which are the most important for animal forage breeding.

Studies on the Breeding System of Alexandrian Senna (Cassia Acutifolia Del.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-511
Author(s):  
M. A. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Plant Breeding Programme

Cassia acutifolia Del., known in the Sudan as ‘Senna Makka’ and in commerce as ‘Alexandrian Senna’ (Tothill, 1948), is indigenous to the Sudan and grows wild in the Northern and Central Provinces. It is used locally as a laxative and itsactive ingredient senoside is extracted for pharmaceutical purposes in England, U.S.A. and Germany. The Sudan has been exporting pods and leaves of Senna for many years and the crop has been steadily growing in economic importance. The exported produce is obtained from wild or cultivated Senna plants. Recently a breeding programme has been initiated to provide improved varieties that can both meet the growers’ need for high yield and satisfy the market's demand for uniform high quality produce. Before a proper plant breeding programme can be established, the mode of reproduction must be known since crop breeding procedures are largely determined by the reproductive system. This paper reports on studies made to determine the breeding system in Alexandrian Senna.

The inheritance of marker genes in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. II. Their suitability for the use in a plant breeding programme

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
JP Simon ◽  
AJ Millington
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Recessive Character ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Plant Breeding Programme

In the F2 generation of crosses between selected strains of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. there was independent segregation of the genes for the marker characters "red leaf", "smooth pod", and "clockwise-anticlockwise coiling pattern of the pod". A new marker, "erect type" of vegetative development, is a recessive character which is not linked to the "red leaf" gene. The absence of linkage greatly enhances the value of these characters as strain markers.

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