Application of the integrated lake-watershed acidification study model to watershed liming at woods Lake, New York

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica L. Blette ◽  
Robert M. Newton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Watershed Liming

Effects of watershed liming on the soil chemistry of Woods Lake, New York

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica L. Blette ◽  
Robert M. Newton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Watershed Liming

Short-Term Changes in the Acid/Base Chemistry of Two Acidic Lakes Following Calcium Carbonate Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Fordham ◽  
C. T. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Initial Perturbation ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Rapid Dissolution ◽  
Additional Release ◽  
Woods Lake

Woods Lake and Cranberry Pond, two chronically acidic lakes located in the Adirondack region of New York, USA, were intensively monitored following CaCO3 treatment in May 1985 to evaluate the mechanisms controlling short-term changes in water column chemistry. Immediately following base application (24 h), both lakes responded like systems closed to atmospheric CO2, because the dissolution of very small CaCO3 particles (median diameter 2 μm) exceeded the rate of atmospheric CO2 intrusion. Rapid dissolution of CaCO3 coupled with very low concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) prior to treatment, resulted in pH increases in the upper mixed waters from 4.9 to 9.4 in Woods Lake and from 4.6 to 9.1 in Cranberry Pond, as waters readily became saturated with CaCO3. pH increases were accompanied by stoichiometric increases in dissolved Ca2+, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and DIC. Following this initial perturbation, the upper mixed waters equilibrated with atmospheric CO2 over a 4 wk period, facilitating additional release of dissolved Ca2+ and ANC due to dissolution of suspended CaCO3. The amount of CaCO3 that dissolved during the 4 wk immediately following treatment, calculated from Ca2+ budgets, was very high; 86% in Woods Lake and 79% in Cranberry Pond.

Effects of Liming on the Epipelic Algal Community of Woods Lake, New York

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Roberts ◽  
Charles W. Boylen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
New York State ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Depth Gradient ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Depth Zonation ◽  
Zonation Patterns

The biovolume and species composition of algae on the sediment along a depth gradient were determined before and after liming of acidic (pH 4.9), oligotrophic Woods Lake in the Adirondack Park in New York State (Herkimer Co., NY, USA). The epipelic algal community was dominated by diatoms and cyanobacteria prior to and following liming. Distinct depth zonation patterns of community composition were evident and unaffected by CaCO3 addition. Treatment with calcite increased pH from 4.9 to above 9.0, caused ANC to rise from 0 to >400 μeq∙L−1, and immediately reduced overall water clarity which subsequently improved during the summer. There was a significant decrease (p <0.001) in total algal biovolume after liming corresponding to a significant reduction in biovolume of Hapalosiphon pumilus at the deepest sites. Total diatom biovolume was not significantly changed as a result of the addition of calcite; however, a shift in community composition from dominance by Navicula tenuicephala and Fragilaria acidobiontica to dominance by Achnanthes microcephala and Anomoeoneis vitrea was observed following liming.

Hydrology of Two Headwater Lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of New York

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward W. Staubitz ◽  
Phillip J. Zarriello
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
New York State ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Granitic Gneiss ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Hydrologic Balance ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Total Inflow

Cranberry Pond and Woods Lake are small, acidic headwater lakes in the west-central Adirondack region of New York State. The lakes differ in size and depth but have similar watershed characteristics. Both watersheds contain thin eolian and sandy till deposits overlying granitic gneiss and have limited capacity to store and transmit groundwater. Total lake inflow was calculated as a residual of a monthly hydrologic balance based on measured precipitation, lake outflow, change in lake storage, and estimated evaporation; surface-water and groundwater inflow to each lake also were estimated. Results indicate that the lakes are hydrologically similar and are dominated by surface-water systems with highly variable runoff that responds rapidly to precipitation. Groundwater, which constituted about 16% of the total inflow to Cranberry Pond and from 31 to 38% of the total inflow to Woods Lake in 1984–86, moves through a shallow flow system that provides little stabilizing influence on the hydrology or water chemistry of the lakes. Error analysis of the hydrologic balance indicated that total annual inflow, calculated as a residual of the hydrologic balance, is accurate to within 12%. Calculated monthly inflow values are subject to greater potential error that ranges up to 46%.

Chemical Response of Lakes Treated with CaCO3 to Reacidification

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Driscoll ◽  
William A. Ayling ◽  
G. F. Fordham ◽  
Leah M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Water Columns ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency ◽  
Hydrologic Inputs ◽  
Mixed Water

The reacidification of two lakes in the Adirondack region of New York treated by CaCO3 application was evaluated. Base treatment resulted in a very high immediate dissolution efficiency in both lakes (78–82%), increasing acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) to values of 450–550 μeq∙L−1. During the fall following manipulation, completely mixed water columns and elevated hydrologic inputs greatly facilitated reacidification, decreasing pH and diluting Ca2+ concentrations. Cranberry Pond effectively reacidified within 7 mo of treatment, while the ANC of Woods Lake decreased to near 0 μeq∙L−1 15 mo after application. In Cranberry Pond, pH values decreased below 5.5 resulting in transport of elevated concentrations of inorganic Al through the lake. Annual ANC budgets suggest that little CaCO3 penetrated to the sediments, limiting long-term release of ANC from sediment dissolution. Hydrolysis of Al, due to the elevated lake pH, served to consume ANC and there is evidence to indicate limited exchange of water column Ca2+ with sediments shortly after treatment followed by release of this Ca2+ during reacidification. However these processes did not significantly accelerate or attenuate the rate of reacidification. The rate of acidification could largely be explained by the flushing of ANC from the lakes by hydrologic inputs.

Processes and Causes of Lake Acidification during Spring Snowmelt in the West-Central Adirondack Mountains, New York

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1595-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Galloway ◽  
George R. Hendrey ◽  
Carl L. Schofield ◽  
Norman E. Peters ◽  
Arland H. Johannes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Strong Acidity ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

The surface and outlets of two headwater lakes acidified during the 1978, 1979, and 1980 spring snowmelt periods. The decrease in pH was accompanied by an increase in nitrate whereas the other strong acid anion, SO42−, remained relatively constant. Chemical mass-balance calculations, using data from the Integrated Lake–Watershed Acidification Study, indicate that the peak in acidification observed in the Adirondack Mountains in the spring is caused by (1) a dilution of base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and associated alkalinity by snowmelt, (2) an increase in NO3− concentration in the acidified portion of the lakes, and (3) the constant elevated concentration of SO42−. At Woods Lake, the NO3− that accumulated in the snowpack plus that deposited from the atmosphere during snowmelt was sufficient to account for the increased NO3− in and transported from the lake. At Panther Lake, an additional source of NO3− was needed and was believed to be contributed by nitrification in the upper soil horizons. If atmospheric deposition of sulfur is reduced, low-alkalinity systems like Woods and moderate-alkalinity systems like Panther will be less likely to develop strong acidity during spring acidification.

Effects of Neutralization and Addition of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on the Limnetic Zooplankton Communities of Two Acidic

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Schaffner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Daphnia Catawba ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Positive Effect

The zooplankton communities in two acidified lakes in the Adirondack region of New York changed considerably following liming and the reintroduction of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Most rotifer taxa were greatly reduced in numbers within a week following base addition. Keratella taurocephala declined by orders of magnitude in both lakes. Rotifer species that replaced K. taurocephala were far less abundant. The crustacean communities were also affected by liming. Diaptomus minutus, the dominant in both lakes, declined following base addition. Longer-term population responses appeared to be related to the dynamics of the individual populations, and changes in predation pressure. Four additional crustacean species became prominent in the lakes after liming: the caldocerans Bosmina longirostris and Daphnia catawba in Cranberry Pond, and D. catawba and the cyclopoid copepod Cyclops scutifer in Woods Lake. Over the longer-term liming and the introduction of brook trout tended to have an overall positive effect on the zooplankton communities in the two lakes.

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