Experimental evidence of a deleterious soil microflora associated with Norway spruce decline in France and Germany

1993 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Devêvre ◽  
J. Garbaye ◽  
R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Spruce Decline

Decline and physiological response to foliar-deposited salt in Norway spruce genotypes: a comparative analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kehlet Hansen ◽  
Henrik Saxe ◽  
Anders Ræbild ◽  
Christian Nørgård Neilsen ◽  
Jens Peter Simonsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Salt Deposition ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Use Efficiency

Severe spruce decline in Denmark at the end of the 1980s led to investigations of the physiology and genetics of the decline and the importance of sea salt deposition. Narrow-sense heritability of health in a progeny trial with 8-year-old Norway spruce families (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was 0.58. Broad-sense heritability in a seed orchard with clones from ortets of southeastern European origin was 0.53. The health of the ortets correlated with family and clone health. Health of families and clones were not correlated. The health of three spruce provenances in the progeny trial varied from 6.3 to 7.7 on a 0-9 scale. Salt stress responses of 12 two-year-old open-ollinated families from the above clones were investigated after dipping branches into different salt solutions. Photosynthesis and transpiration decreased with increasing salt deposition, respiration increased, and water use efficiency increased initially and decreased later. Correlations between field health and physiological salt responses suggested that airborne salt predisposes to spruce decline rather than triggers it. Health of Norway spruce is unlikely to be improved by salt-resistance selection in the laboratory but may be improved by low transpiration and high water use efficiency selection. Visible injuries were primarily determined by the amount of salt taken up.

Characteristic discolorations of coniferous foliage related to spruce decline in Europe and North America

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Liedeker ◽  
Richard M. Klein
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Exposed Surface ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Understory Trees

Characteristic spotting of foliage on Norway spruce in Europe, used as an indicator for Waldsterben, was also found and described on foliage of Piceaabies (L.) Karst., P. rubens Sarg., P. glauca (Moench) Voss, P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill., Pinusstrobus L., P. banksiana Lamb., P. resinosa Ait., P. sylvestris L., and Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr. in northeastern North America. Yellow spotting is restricted to the upper, sun-exposed surface of the needles. These chlorotic spots generally start along ridges of the needles and merge into larger necrotic areas in later stages. It was observed that the number of spots per needle and the number of needles per internode exhibiting such spots are increasing with foliage age. The symptom was prominent on overstory and understory trees in high-elevation spruce–fir forests in Germany and northeastern North America. It was also found in all low-elevation stands sampled.

scholarly journals Norway spruce production and static stability in IUFRO thinning experiments in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
David Dušek ◽  
Jiří Novák ◽  
Dušan Kacálek ◽  
Marian Slodičák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tree Stability ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Production Safety ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Volume Production

Despite recent issues, Norway spruce remains the most important commercial tree species which might be demanded henceforth for its broadly utilizable wood. Even before foresters faced both the bark beetle outbreaks and spruce decline, spruce monospecific stands were known to be prone also to other damage due to snow and wind. On this basis, measures that help prevent such failures were looked for, which resulted in the establishment of international IUFRO experimental series focused on impacts of different thinning regimes on stability and production of spruce stands. The thinning treatments differed in numbers of trees removed and retained on the site when dominant height of crop trees was reached or allowable cut in non-crop trees was accumulated. Also effects of different width of skid trails were tested. The study summarizes the results from the two IUFRO experiments in the Czech Republic. Effects of thinning regimes on spruce were found positive though thinning reduced the total volume production of wood while improving crop-tree stability which enhanced production safety. Different widths of skid trails had no effect on wood increment. Early thinning of spruce can be used to prevent their damage. No such measure, however, can alleviate the spruce decline.

Norway Spruce Decline in NE Bavaria/FRG

1992 ◽  
pp. 586-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kaupenjohann ◽  
Wolfgang Schaaf ◽  
Wolfgang Zech
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Spruce Decline

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

A Method for Setting the Clearance Angle

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Michael T. Bucek ◽  
Howard J. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Clearance Angle ◽  
Crude Approximation ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

It is believed by the authors, with supporting experimental evidence, that as little as 0.5°, or less, knife clearance angle may be a critical factor in obtaining optimum quality ultrathin sections. The degree increments located on the knife holder provides the investigator with only a crude approximation of the angle at which the holder is set. With the increments displayed on the holder one cannot set the clearance angle precisely and reproducibly. The ability to routinely set this angle precisely and without difficulty would obviously be of great assistance to the operator. A device has been contrived to aid the investigator in precisely setting the clearance angle. This device is relatively simple and is easily constructed. It consists of a light source and an optically flat, front surfaced mirror with a minute black spot in the center. The mirror is affixed to the knife by placing it permanently on top of the knife holder.

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