15N2 incorporation by rhizosphere soil influence of rice variety, organic matter and combined nitrogen

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. B. N. Charyulu ◽  
D. N. Nayak ◽  
V. Rajaramamohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Influence ◽  
15N2 Incorporation

DNA Sequence and Community Structure Diversity of Multi-Year Soil Fungi in Grape of Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
Feng Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vineyard Soil

Abstract This study is designed to understand the community structure and diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of grape. As the sample for this study, the rhizosphere soil of Crimson seedless grape with different planting years was collected from Shihezi in Xinjiang to carry out high-throughput sequencing, by which the complete sequence of soil fungi DNA was identified, and accordingly, the richness and diversity index of fungi were determined. The results showed that the dominant phyla of fungi in the grape rhizosphere soil with different planting years were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the dominant classes of fungi were Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes. Soil organic matter, total potassium, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main soil fertility factors affecting the abundance and diversity of soil fungal communities, among which soil organic matter had the most significant influence. In addition, the fungal diversity and richness were highest in the middle layer (20-35 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 12 planting years and lowest in the lower layer (35-50 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 5 planting years. Linear discriminant analysis suggested that there were more biomarkers in the vineyard rhizosphere soil with 10 planting years, which meant there were more fungal communities with significant difference in the soil, especially in the middle layer (20-35). The results of this study can provide data reference and theoretical basis for improving vineyard soil quality, evaluating soil microecological effects and improving ecological environment of vineyard soil.

scholarly journals Promoting the Growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Seedlings and Improving Rhizosphere Fungal Community Structure through Interaction between Trichoderma and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiyaremu Halifu ◽  
Xun Deng ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Jiangbao Xia ◽  
Xiaoshuang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

In this study, pot experiments were conducted on the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to study the influence of Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum E15) and Ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus luteus N94) on the growth of these seedlings. In particular, the effects of these fungi on the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soil of the seedlings were investigated. Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum E15 and Suillus luteus N94 significantly (P < 0.05) promoted the growth of the Pinus sylvestris seedlings. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) results indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the fungal community structures in the rhizosphere soil of the annual and biennial seedlings. In the rhizosphere soil of annual seedlings, the main fungi were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and p-unclassified-k-Fungi were the main fungi in the rhizosphere soil of biennial seedlings. The dominant genus in the rhizosphere soil and a key factor promoting the growth of the annual and the biennial seedlings was Trichoderma, Suillus, respectively. Both of them were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of microbial flora in the symbiotic environment. Trichoderma had a significant promoting effect on the conversion of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and the organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of the seedlings, while Suillus significantly promoted the conversion of organic matter and total phosphorus.

scholarly journals Optimizing Phosphorus Application Rate and the Mixed Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Can Improve the Phosphatase Activity and Organic Acid Content in Alfalfa Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Xiaoxia ◽  
Junying Liu ◽  
Xuanshuai Liu ◽  
Chunhui Ma ◽  
Qianbing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important high-quality legume forage, and phosphorus is an important nutrient element for high-quality and high-yield of alfalfa. This study assessed the effects bacteria and phosphorus (P) use efficiency of alfalfa soil under different P applications. In this experiment, a two-factor complete randomized block design was used. Four bacterial treatments were as follows: Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Bacillus megaterium (Bm), double inoculation (Fm × Bm) and no inoculation bacteria (CK). There are four levels of phosphorus treatment, namely: phosphorus application 0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 (P2), 150 mgžkg-1 (P3). There were 16 treatments in total, and each treatment was repeated 6 times. The results showed that the effects of single inoculation and mixed inoculation were significantly higher than those of noninoculation (P < 0.05). With the increase in phosphorus application, each index increased first and then decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) and organic matter (SOM) content in soi lincreased with the increase of cutting times, and the content of organic matter in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the top three treatments were J3P2 > J3P1 > J3P3. Therefore, when (P2O5) was 100 mgžkg-1, the mixed inoculation of Fm × Bm could improve the phosphatase activity in alfalfa soil, promote the secretion of organic acids in rhizosphere soil and then improve the content of soil fertility.

scholarly journals Effects of Biogas Slurry on Fruit Economic Traits and Soil Nutrients of Camellia oleifera Abel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu You ◽  
Shuqin Yu ◽  
Huiyun Liu ◽  
Chutian Wang ◽  
Zengliang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Economic Traits

AbstractSoil nutrients play a principal role in Camellia oleifera Abel (oil-seed camellia) production. Camellia oleifera absorbs nutrients from surrounding soils and its production is highly influenced by nutrients or fertilization. In this study, we investigated the effects of biogas slurry applications on soil nutrients and economic traits of C. oleifera fruits. Five different amounts of fertilizing biogas slurry (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 kg/plant/year from three applications per year) were applied to C. oleifera plants in 2015 and 2016. Rhizosphere soil nutrients and C. oleifera fruit economic traits (yield, seed rate, and oil yield)were measured. Fertilization with biogas slurryincreasedsoil organic matter, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in both 2015 and 2016. Increases in soil available N, P, and Kwere largest at the highest slurry application rate and second largest at the second highest application rate. Fruit economic traits were maximized at the two highest application rates. Oil yield was correlated withsoil available P in 2015 and 2016, and soil organic matter in 2015. Fertilization with biogas slurry decreased saturated fatty acid content in fruit but had no effect on unsaturated fatty acid content. In conclusion, fertilization with biogas slurry increases rhizosphere soil nutrients and fruit economic traits of C. oleifera with the rates of at least 30 kg/plant/year having the most positive effects.

STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION OF PLANTS AND FREE-LIVING NITROGEN-FIXING MICROORGANISMS: II. DEVELOPMENT OF ANTAGONISTS OF AZOTOBACTER IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF PLANTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH IN TWO SOILS

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Strzelczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Central Experimental Farm

This study represents an attempt to correlate the low numbers of Azotobacter in rhizosphere and root-free soils at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, with the incidence of bacterial and actinomycete antagonists of this organism. Wheat, radish, and onion were grown in the greenhouse in two soils varying greatly in fertility and organic matter content, and isolations of bacteria and actinomycetes were made periodically for testing against Azotobacter. It was found that rhizosphere soil contained greater numbers of microorganisms antagonistic to Azotobacter than root-free soil. Of the three crops used wheat exerted the least effect. In all the tests numbers of antagonists were greater in the fertile Granby sandy loam than in the infertile Upland sand. The results correlated well with the Azotobacter populations in these soils as reported in the first paper of this series.

scholarly journals Rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Nguyen Huu Chiem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Oxygen Pathways

Background: Rice is understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields in IPCC guidelines. However, rice actually has two opposite functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although previous studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate in high-emitting paddy fields that the overall methane emission is decreased by rice plants. Methods: We compared methane emissions with and without rice plants in triple cropping rice paddy fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The gas samples are collected using chamber method and ware analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: We found that rice, in fact, suppressed overall methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. The emission reductions increased with the growth of rice to the maximum tillering stage, then decreased after the heading stage, and finally recovered.  Discussion:  Our result indicates that the overall methane emission is larger than that of rice planted area. In addition, although many studies in standard-emitting paddies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, prior studies in high-emitting paddies suggest that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of the rice-derived substrate; conversely, the higher the contribution of the rice providing oxygen. Finally, rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that during the growing season, rice is suppressing methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. This means the significance of using the rice variety which has high suppressing performance in high-emitting paddies.

Specific Activity Bioassays as Tools to Evaluate Combined Nitrogen and Organic Matter Removal in SND Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 961-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic ◽  
Carla Eloísa Diniz dos Santos ◽  
Maria Amparo Martín Martín ◽  
Maria Fdz-Polanco ◽  
Eugenio Foresti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Combined Nitrogen
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