The neurosecretory system of the octopus vena cava: A neurohemal organ

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martin ◽  
K. H. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurohemal Organ

The Neurosecretory System of the Vena Cava In Cephalopoda I. Eledone Cirrosa

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Alexandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Irregular Shape ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Endothelial Lining ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Special System ◽  
Muscle Coat

Nerves known to supply the anterior part of the vena cava in Cephalopoda have been found to belong to a special system for which the term ‘neurosecretory system of the vena cava’ (NSV system for short) is proposed. In Eledone cirrosa this system consists of neurons whose cell bodies are aggregated: (a) in the visceral lobe in a layer termed the NSV layer; (b) in the ganglionic trunks continuous with this layer and associated with nerves arising from the visceral lobe—there is on each side a ‘lateral NSV trunk’ accompanying the nervus infundibuli posterior, and a ‘medial NSV trunk’ accompanying the nervus visceralis. Each of these trunks in its further course separates from its nerve and runs far in the caudal direction diminishing in thickness and giving off sideshoots of irregular shape which end blindly in the loose connective tissue and show no connexions with any organ.The NSV layer and trunks consist of unipolar nerve cells of small size and uniform appearance. Their very thin axons unite in bundles which form nerves running to the vena cava. The total number of neurons of the NSV system, approximately estimated, must be over two millions. The disposition of the elements of this system is peculiar in that the axons of the cells situated in the caudal prolongations of the ganglionic trunks must run far rostralwards until they reach the nerves to which they contribute.The nerves entering the vein penetrate through its muscle coat and form a network under the endothelial lining of the vein; this continuous neuropile layer extends from the anterior end of the vein to the entrance of the vena hepatica; all this part of the vein has on its inside longitudinal ridges formed by the uneven thickness of the neuropile layer.

scholarly journals The control of ventilatory and cardiac responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension and oxygen demand in octopus

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (8) ◽  
pp. 1717-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wells ◽  
J Wells
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
The Brain

Octopus vulgaris can regulate its oxygen uptake down to a PO2 of around 6.7 kPa. As the tension falls from 18.6 to 6.7 kPa (140 to 50 mmHg), Pv (the pressure pulse driving the ventilatory flow, measured inside the mantle cavity) can more than double while fv (the ventilation frequency) increases by a few per cent at most. Both changes are reversed when the ambient oxygen tension is returned to normal. Cutting the visceral nerves linking the hearts and gills to the brain prevents these adaptive changes in Pv and fv, as does section of the branchial nerves linking the cardiac ganglia to the gills. Responses to changes in ambient oxygen tension are very fast, beginning within two or three ventilation cycles. It is concluded that changes to Pv and fv depend upon receptors in the gills and on the integrity of a nervous pathway to the brain. Changes in oxygen tension also affect the hearts, where aortic pulse amplitude (Pa) and, to a lesser extent, heartbeat frequency (fh) fall and rise with the ambient PO2. In this case, section of the visceral or branchial nerves has no effect. Responses are again very rapid. It is concluded that the observed fall and return to normoxic values of Pa and fh are local responses to a fall and rise in the oxygen tension of blood coming from the gills into the systemic heart. Changes to ventilation and heartbeat can also occur in normoxic water when oxygen demand rises after feeding. These responses are not prevented by section of the visceral or branchial nerves. Possible control of ventilation and heartbeat through the neurosecretory system in the anterior vena cava is discussed.

The neurosecretory system of the vena cava in Cephalopoda II. Sepia officinalis and Octopus vulgaris

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Alexandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
The Brain

A system of nerves (called for short NSV system), described previously in Eledone cirrosa, whose only task appears to be the formation of a fine neuropile in the vena cava, is present also in Sepia officinalis It has a similar disposition to that in Eledone but shows certain special features. It is composed of neurons the cell bodies of which are located in a layer (NSV layer) of the visceral lobe of the brain and in the paired ganglionic trunks, termed the lateral and medial NSV trunks, which emerge from the visceral lobe with the posterior infundibular and visceral nerves respectively. After accompanying these nerves for some distance these trunks take an independent course and give off some tapering branches ending blindly in the loose connective tissue.

Release of Neurosecretion in the Crayfish Sinus Gland

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Richard R. Shivers
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Neurosecretory Granules ◽  
Sinus Gland ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Dense Membrane ◽  
Neurohemal Organ ◽  
Dense Vesicles

The sinus gland is a neurohemal organ located in the crayfish eyestalk and represents a storage site for neurohormones prior to their release into the circulation. The sinus gland contains 3 classes of dense, membrane-limited granules: 1) granules measuring less than 1000 Å in diameter, 2) granules measuring 1100-1400 Å in diameter, and 3) granules measuring 1500-2000 Å in diameter. Class 3 granules are the most electron-dense of the granules found in the sinus gland, while class 2 granules are the most abundant. Generally, all granules appear to undergo similar changes during release.Release of neurosecretory granules may be initiated by a preliminary fragmentation of the “parent granule” into smaller, less dense vesicles which measure about 350 Å in diameter (V, Figs. 1-3). A decrease in density of the granules prior to their fragmentation has been observed and may reflect a change in the chemical nature of the granule contents.

Bleeding Varices in the Upper Esophagus Due to Obstruction of the Superior Vena Cava

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Snodgrass ◽  
Sherman M. Mellinkoff
Keyword(s):  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava

V1219: Laparoscopic Repair of an Inferior Vena Cava Injury during a Right Partial Nephrectomy

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Fernando P. Secin ◽  
Zohar A. Dotari ◽  
Bobby Shayegan ◽  
Semra Olgac ◽  
Bertrand Guillonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Laparoscopic Repair ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document