scholarly journals Minimal area problems and quantum open strings

1991 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barton Zwiebach
Keyword(s):  
Open Strings ◽  
Minimal Area

scholarly journals KLT factorization of winding string amplitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Gomis ◽  
Ziqi Yan ◽  
Matthew Yu
Keyword(s):  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Open String ◽  
Closed String ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
Toroidal Compactifications ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
String Amplitudes

Abstract We uncover a Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT)-type factorization of closed string amplitudes into open string amplitudes for closed string states carrying winding and momentum in toroidal compactifications. The winding and momentum closed string quantum numbers map respectively to the integer and fractional winding quantum numbers of open strings ending on a D-brane array localized in the compactified directions. The closed string amplitudes factorize into products of open string scattering amplitudes with the open strings ending on a D-brane configuration determined by closed string data.

scholarly journals Smooth functorial field theories from B-fields and D-branes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-153
Author(s):  
Severin Bunk ◽  
Konrad Waldorf
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Sigma Models ◽  
Lagrangian Approach ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
Homotopy Invariant ◽  
Target Manifold ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Smooth Map

AbstractIn the Lagrangian approach to 2-dimensional sigma models, B-fields and D-branes contribute topological terms to the action of worldsheets of both open and closed strings. We show that these terms naturally fit into a 2-dimensional, smooth open-closed functorial field theory (FFT) in the sense of Atiyah, Segal, and Stolz–Teichner. We give a detailed construction of this smooth FFT, based on the definition of a suitable smooth bordism category. In this bordism category, all manifolds are equipped with a smooth map to a spacetime target manifold. Further, the object manifolds are allowed to have boundaries; these are the endpoints of open strings stretched between D-branes. The values of our FFT are obtained from the B-field and its D-branes via transgression. Our construction generalises work of Bunke–Turner–Willerton to include open strings. At the same time, it generalises work of Moore–Segal about open-closed TQFTs to include target spaces. We provide a number of further features of our FFT: we show that it depends functorially on the B-field and the D-branes, we show that it is thin homotopy invariant, and we show that it comes equipped with a positive reflection structure in the sense of Freed–Hopkins. Finally, we describe how our construction is related to the classification of open-closed TQFTs obtained by Lauda–Pfeiffer.

scholarly journals The effects of quantum spectrum of 4 + n-dimensional water around a DNA on pure water in four dimensional universe

Open Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 831-838
Author(s):  
Massimo Fioranelli ◽  
Alireza Sepehri ◽  
Maria Grazia Roccia ◽  
Mahdieh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Quantum Spectrum

Abstract Recently, a method for calculating the quantum spectrum of black holes has been proposed. We show that this method can be applied for radiations of 4 + n - dimensional water around a DNA. In this model, DNA acts like a black hole and produces a curved space-time in a water around it. In these conditions, molecules of water in four dimensional universe are entangled with some DNA-like structures in extra dimension. Consequently, the effects of structures of water in extra dimensions can be observed in four dimensions. The entangled structures emit some quantum spectrum which can be transmitted to pure waters. These waves produce a curved space-time in pure water and make an entanglement between structure of water on four and DNA-like structures in extra dimensions. As a result, some signatures of DNAs can be observed in pure water. This model helps us to understand the reason for the emergence of life on the earth. To explain the model better, we unify Darwin’s theory with string theory in a new Darwinian’s string theory. In this theory, a zero dimensional manifold decays into two types of closed strings. One type decays into open strings and then these strings join to each other and form cosmos. Another type decays into open strings which form biological matters like DNAs and molecules of water in universe and anti-DNAs and anti-water in anti-universe. Thus, DNAs and molecules water are connected to each other and anti-DNAs and molecules of anti-water in anti-universe through some closed strings. These strings helps to molecules of water to store their informations in extra dimension and have long time memory. Because, information that are transformed into extra dimensions through closed strings, could be returned into universe. Also, these closed strings could have the main role in DNA transduction. Because, they connect two tubes one including water and DNA and another pure water in universe to two tubes including anti-DNA and water in anti-universe and transform properties of DNA into pure water. As a result, Darwinian string theory can confirm both water memory and DNA transduction. Finally, this theory response to this question that why memory of water couldnt remain for a long time. In this model, open strings which connects atoms in universe with anti-atoms in anti-universe interact with open strings which connects molecules of water and anti-water and decrease their entanglement. This causes that exchanging information between water and anti-water decreases and memory is dis-appeared.

scholarly journals NONCOMMUTATIVE OPEN STRING THEORIES AND THEIR DUALITIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (04n06) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. SHEIKH-JABBARI
Keyword(s):  
Open String ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Duality Group ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
Energy Theory ◽  
String Theories

The recently found noncritical open string theories is reviewed. These open strings, noncommutative open string theories (NCOS), arise as consistent quantum theories describing the low energy theory of D-branes in a background electric B-field in the critical limit. Focusing on the D3-brane case, we construct the most general (3+1) NCOS, which is described by four parameters. We study S- and T-dualities of these theories and argue the existence of a U-duality group.

A DIRECT TEST OF THE GAUGE/GRAVITY DUALITY AND THE STRING THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF A BLACK HOLE

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 2161-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN NISHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Direct Test ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
Large N ◽  
Brane Solution ◽  
Gauge Gravity ◽  
Gravity Duality ◽  
Microscopic Origin

We perform a direct test of the gauge/gravity duality by studying one-dimensional U (N) gauge theory with 16 supercharges at finite temperature using Monte Carlo simulation. In the 't Hooft large-N limit and in the strong coupling limit, the model is expected to have a dual gravity description in terms of the near-extremal black 0-brane solution in ten-dimensional type IIA supergravity. Our results provide the first example, in which the microscopic origin of the black hole thermodynamics is accounted for by solving explicitly the strongly coupled dynamics of the open strings attached to the D-branes.

scholarly journals LOOP EQUATION AND AREA LAW IN TURBULENCE

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
pp. 1197-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. MIGDAL
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Inertial Range ◽  
Coordinate Space ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Closed Loops ◽  
Loop Equation ◽  
Minimal Area ◽  
Area Law

This is an extended version of the preprint,4 based on the lectures given at Cargese Summer School and Chernogolovka Summer School in 1993. The incompressible fluid dynamics is reformulated as dynamics of closed loops C in coordinate space. We derive explicit functional equation for the pdf of the circulation PC (Γ) which allows the scaling solutions in the inertial range of spatial scales. The pdf decays as exponential of some power of Γ3/A2, where A is the minimal area inside the loop.

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