A generalized habitat matching rule

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fagen
Keyword(s):  
Matching Rule ◽  
Habitat Matching

Food sharing, survival and the habitat-matching rule

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg M. Recer ◽  
Thomas Caraco
Keyword(s):  
Food Sharing ◽  
Matching Rule ◽  
Habitat Matching

scholarly journals Breakdown of the ideal free distribution under conditions of severe and low competition

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janja Sirovnik ◽  
Bernhard Voelkl ◽  
Linda Jane Keeling ◽  
Hanno Würbel ◽  
Michael Jeffrey Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Matching Rule ◽  
Excess Supply ◽  
Free Distribution ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Habitat Matching ◽  
Ideal Free ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Feeder Space

Abstract Under the ideal free distribution (IFD), the number of organisms competing for a resource at different sites is proportional to the resource distribution among sites. The ideal free distribution of competitors in a heterogeneous environment often predicts habitat matching, where the relative number of individuals using any two patches matches the relative availability of resources in those same two patches. If a resource is scarce, access might be restricted to individuals with high resource holding potential, resulting in deviation from the IFD. The distribution of animals may also deviate from the IFD in the case of resource abundance, when social attraction or preference for specific locations rather than competition may determine distribution. While it was originally developed to explain habitat choice, we apply the habitat matching rule to microscale foraging decisions. We show that chickens feeding from two nondepleting feeders distribute proportionally to feeder space under intermediate levels of competition. However, chicken distribution between the feeders deviates from the IFD when feeder space is limited and competition high. Further, despite decreasing aggression with increasing feeder space, deviation from IFD is also observed under an excess supply of feeder space, indicating different mechanisms responsible for deviations from the IFD. Besides demonstrating IFD sensitivity to competition, these findings highlight IFD’s potential as a biological basis for determining minimal resource requirements in animal housing. Significance statement The ideal free distribution (IFD) predicts how animals ought to distribute themselves within a habitat in order to maximize their payoff. Recent studies, however, have questioned the validity of the IFD concept following anomalous results. We studied the IFD in chickens by systematically varying the amount and distribution of space at two feed troughs. We show that when tested over a sufficiently large range, the distribution of birds depends on the overall resource availability. Furthermore, behavioral data suggest that distinctly different mechanisms account for deviations from the IFD at shortage and excess supply of feeder space, respectively.

Temporal resource variability and the habitat-matching rule

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Recer ◽  
W. U. Blanckenhorn ◽  
J. A. Newman ◽  
E. M. Tuttle ◽  
M. L. Withiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matching Rule ◽  
Habitat Matching ◽  
Resource Variability

A novel hydraulic pulsation reduction component based on discharge and suction self-oscillation: Principle, design and experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-445
Author(s):  
Yaoxing Shang ◽  
Hong Tang ◽  
Huawang Sun ◽  
Changbin Guan ◽  
Shuai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Piston Pump ◽  
Phase Matching ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Matching Rule ◽  
Axial Pump ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Axial Piston ◽  
Significant Underestimation

The reduction of fluid ripple in pipes is extremely important for the reliability and safety of aircrafts and ships. Currently, most researches only pay attention to the discharge port and ignore the suction port and the inherent characteristic of the axial pump between both ports, which may cause significant underestimation of fluid ripple especially in the closed-loop hydraulic system. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a novel passive fluid ripple attenuator, which can simultaneously reduce discharge and suction pulsation of the axial-piston pump, and adapt to the condition of frequent change of load reversing in closed hydraulic system. First, the phase matching rule is discovered between discharge and suction ripple, and then based on that, the proposed discharge and suction self-oscillation principle is verified through simulation on the phase relationship of the pump internal pistons, instead of considering the two separately as before. The attenuator designed with the concept of the discharge and suction self-oscillation principle is presented, and models of how ripple generates and the attenuator works are represented analytically. The corresponding simulation model is established, and the result indicates that the ripple of both ports of the piston pump is weakened significantly. Moreover, one testing platform is developed, and the experimental study is conducted on the discharge and suction ripple. It proves that the proposed attenuator based on discharge and suction self-oscillation principle can reduce the fluid ripple effectively.

scholarly journals Visual adaptation and microhabitat choice in Lake Victoria cichlid fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181876
Author(s):  
Daniel Mameri ◽  
Corina van Kammen ◽  
Ton G. G. Groothuis ◽  
Ole Seehausen ◽  
Martine E. Maan
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Habitat Matching

When different genotypes choose different habitats to better match their phenotypes, genetic differentiation within a population may be promoted. Mating within those habitats may subsequently contribute to reproductive isolation. In cichlid fish, visual adaptation to alternative visual environments is hypothesized to contribute to speciation. Here, we investigated whether variation in visual sensitivity causes different visual habitat preferences, using two closely related cichlid species that occur at different but overlapping water depths in Lake Victoria and that differ in visual perception ( Pundamilia spp.). In addition to species differences, we explored potential effects of visual plasticity, by rearing fish in two different light conditions: broad-spectrum (mimicking shallow water) and red-shifted (mimicking deeper waters). Contrary to expectations, fish did not prefer the light environment that mimicked their typical natural habitat. Instead, we found an overall preference for the broad-spectrum environment. We also found a transient influence of the rearing condition, indicating that the assessment of microhabitat preference requires repeated testing to control for familiarity effects. Together, our results show that cichlid fish exert visual habitat preference but do not support straightforward visual habitat matching.

scholarly journals An image inpainting method for object removal based on difference degree constraint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Minhui Chang
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Mismatch Error ◽  
Matching Rule ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Object Removal ◽  
Degree Constraint ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Restoration Effect

Abstract In the inpainting method for object removal, SSD (Sum of Squared Differences) is commonly used to measure the degree of similarity between the exemplar patch and the target patch, which has a very important impact on the restoration results. Although the matching rule is relatively simple, it is likely to lead to the occurrence of mismatch error. Even worse, the error may be accumulated along with the process continues. Finally some unexpected objects may be introduced into the target region, making the result unable to meet the requirements of visual consistency. In view of these problems, we propose an inpainting method for object removal based on difference degree constraint. Firstly, we define the MSD (Mean of Squared Differences) and use it to measure the degree of differences between corresponding pixels at known positions in the target patch and the exemplar patch. Secondly, we define the SMD (Square of Mean Differences) and use it to measure the degree of differences between the pixels at known positions in the target patch and the pixels at unknown positions in the exemplar patch. Thirdly, based on MSD and SMD, we define a new matching rule and use it to find the most similar exemplar patch in the source region. Finally, we use the exemplar patch to restore the target patch. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively prevent the occurrence of mismatch error and improve the restoration effect.

FULL EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN SOCOLAR’S TILINGS AND THE (A, B, C, K)-TILINGS LEADING TO A RATHER NATURAL DECORATION

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. DANZER ◽  
Z. PAPADOPOLOS ◽  
A. TALIS
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Matching Rule ◽  
Quasiperiodic Tilings

In 1986 Socolar and Steinhardt introduced a family of quasiperiodic tilings of the euclidean 3-space E3 by four rhombic zonohedra, which admits a local matching rule. In 1989 the first of the present authors introduced another family with similar properties and four skew tetrahedra A, B, C, K as prototiles. Now we show, that either family can be obtained from the other by a unique construction; hence they are mutually derivable in the sense of Baake et al. Some additional observations are induced by this equivalence.

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