Disruption of male oriental fruit moth to calling females in a wind tunnel by different concentrations of synthetic pheromone

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1971-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders ◽  
G. S. Lucuik
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone

EFFECT OF PHEROMONE PERMEATION ON SUSTAINED FLIGHT OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Pheromone Plumes

AbstractFlight durations of male spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), that were locked-on to pheromone plumes from female moths were measured in a wind tunnel. Flight was sustained by use of a movable patterned ceiling. The longest sustained flight was 53 min. The effects of different background concentrations of synthetic pheromone were tested by surrounding the female moths with rubber septa loaded with synthetic pheromone. The duration of sustained flights decreased as the concentration of background synthetic pheromone increased, but at all concentrations some males persisted in orientated flight for 10 min or longer.

EFFECTS OF PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE ON MATING DISRUPTION OF SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS IN A WIND TUNNEL

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Sensory Fatigue ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

AbstractMale spruce budworm moths were kept in a wind tunnel for 4 days and assayed each day to determine their ability to locate calling females that were surrounded by rubber septa loaded with synthetic pheromone, a 95:5 blend of E:Z-11-tetradecenal. As the concentration of synthetic pheromone increased, the numbers of males successfully locating females decreased, the latency of response increased, and the speed of flight decreased. At release rates from the septa close to those of a calling female, 6–60 ng/h per septum, most disrupted males flew to a septum instead of the females. At the highest release rate tested, 600 ng/h, many males were inactive or flew to the sides of the tunnel, which indicates sensory fatigue. This effect was more pronounced among males that were continuously exposed to the synthetic pheromone for the 4 days than among males kept in pheromone-free air between assays. About a quarter of the males died or became unable to fly after the 4 days, but there was no change in the proportions of the different responses of males, or in their response times, with increasing age, nor was there evidence that males were conditioned by their experience on previous days. The results led to the conclusion that time-averaged atmospheric concentrations of the synthetic pheromone as high as 20 ng/m3 are necessary to achieve effective disruption of the orientation of male spruce budworm moths to calling female moths.

scholarly journals Sex-Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption Technology for the Oriental Fruit Moth,Grapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Overview and Prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei N. Kong ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Ren J. Fan ◽  
Sheng C. Li ◽  
Rui Y. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Normal Orientation ◽  
Competitive Attraction ◽  
New Formulation

A great deal of progress has been made over the last three decades in research on pheromone-mediated mating disruption technology for the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta(Busck). Pheromones can interrupt normal orientation, and the most likely mechanism of pheromone disruption, competitive-attraction (false-plume following), invokes competition between point sources of pheromone formulation and females for males. This technology, performed by broadcasting pheromones into orchards to disrupt mate finding, has been successfully implemented in oriental fruit moth control. Reservoir-style dispensers made of polyethylene tubes, which release pheromone throughout the full growing season, are the current industry standard. Although reasonably effective, they require labor-intensive hand application. Recently, a new formulation, paraffin wax, which maximizes competition between point sources of synthetic pheromone and feral females for males, was shown to have high disruption performance. As this formulation is highly effective, inexpensive, and easy to produce, further study and development are advisable. Increased understanding of the principles of mating disruption will aid in the design of more effective dispensers. Continued research is needed to meet grower concerns with regard to risk, efficacy, and cost and to identify other semiochemicals that can be applied to this delivery system. Greater knowledge of the integration of different biological control methods is therefore essential.

RESPONSES OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS TO SEX PHEROMONE RELEASED FROM FILTER PAPER AND RUBBER SEPTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Blend

AbstractThe behavioral responses of male spruce budworm moths to a wide range of loadings of synthetic sex pheromone on filter paper and rubber septa were investigated in a wind tunnel. The highest proportion of males flying upwind and reaching filter-paper dispensers occurred at pheromone loadings of between 0.1 and 10 μg. Above these loadings, males were activated but upwind flight was arrested before the moths reached the pheromone source. No such arrestment occurred with rubber septa up to the maximum loading assayed, 1 mg. Up to 72% of the males that reached a septum attempted to copulate with it, but even this response was less than that to a septum in the presence of pheromone emitted by females. This confirms previous conclusions that the synthetic pheromone blend used here, 95:5 (E:Z-11-tetradecenal) is incomplete.

Control of oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)) with synthetic female pheromone

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. L. Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cydia Molesta ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Fruit Damage

AbstractField trials were undertaken in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia, to discover whether synthetic sex pheromone, cis-8-dodecenyl acetate, could be used to control the oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta (Busck), in peach orchards by the disruption technique. When pheromone was released at rates exceeding 5 mg/ha h from polyethylene capillary tubes males were generally unable to locate synthetic pheromone sources or live virgin females. By maintaining a constant rate of release per unit area it was possible to reduce the number of dispensers from one per 50 m2 to one per 400 m2. There was no significant difference in disruption when pheromone was released from tree crowns at 3·5 m or lower down at 1·5 m. Shoot and fruit damage from trials in commercial orchards suggested that pheromone treatments were as effective as a full seasonal schedule of insecticide applications in reducing damage.

Behavioral Response of Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to its Synthetic Pheromone

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragathi N. Shetty ◽  
Judith A. Hough-Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Physiological Explanation ◽  
Contact Chemoreceptors ◽  
Effect Of Age

A wind-tunnel bioassay was used to determine the effect of age and feeding history (starvation) on the response of Podisus maculiventris (Say) to its synthetic pheromone. Starved male and female adults showed positive anemotaxis toward the pheromone source; well-fed insects did not. This supports the hypothesis that P. maculiventris adults use the pheromone as a cue indicating presence of prey, in addition to a mating cue, although a physiological explanation for the lack of response by well-fed insects is also possible. In the presence of the pheromone, fed as well as starved insects increased activities such as extending antennae upwind; fluttering wings; and rubbing antennae, proboscis, forelegs, hindlegs, and abdomen. These activities may indicate stimulation of olfactory receptors on antennae and contact chemoreceptors elsewhere on the body. First- to third-generation offspring of field-collected P. maculiventris showed greater response to the synthetic pheromone compared with individuals from a 2-year-old laboratory colony, indicating the importance of using field-collected insects in behavioral studies. Fifth instars did not respond to the synthetic pheromone in the wind tunnel.

RESPONSES OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SEX PHEROMONE AS MEASURED IN A SUSTAINED-FLIGHT WIND TUNNEL

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders ◽  
G. S. Lucuik ◽  
R. M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pheromone Plume ◽  
Natural Pheromone

AbstractResponses were recorded of male spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) exposed to natural pheromone and a wide range of concentrations of synthetic pheromone in an all-glass wind tunnel equipped with a moving, patterned ceiling. The numbers of males wing-fanning and plume-following decreased with decreasing concentration of the pheromone plume. Speed of upwind flight with the ceiling stationary increased with decreasing concentration, but the durations of flight sustained by moving the ceiling were not significantly different under the different concentrations.Males exposed to pheromone produced by calling females showed a higher incidence of plume-following, and flew significantly faster, than males exposed to a similar concentration of synthetic pheromone.

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