Pyruvate kinase activity in brain, liver and brown adipose tissue and the effect of cortisone in suckling rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hahn ◽  
J. Houštěk
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase Activity ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose

142-OR: Unique Role of the a4 Component for S6-Kinase Activity in Metabolic Regulation and Anti-apoptotic Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 142-OR
Author(s):  
MASAJI SAKAGUCHI ◽  
SHOTA OKAGAWA ◽  
SAYAKA KITANO ◽  
TATSUYA KONDO ◽  
EIICHI ARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Apoptotic Effect

Brown adipose tissue in lean and obese mice. Insulin-receptor binding and tyrosine kinase activity

Diabetes ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Tanti ◽  
T. Gremeaux ◽  
D. Brandenburg ◽  
E. Van Obberghen ◽  
Y. Le Marchand-Brustel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Activity ◽  
Insulin Receptor Binding ◽  
Brown Adipose

Protein kinases in brown adipose tissue of developing rats: substrate specificities, separation, and changes in activity during development

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 869-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef P. Skala ◽  
Brian L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Nonhistone Proteins ◽  
Brown Adipose

Protein kinase activity in the 100 000 × g supernatant fraction of brown adipose tissue was assayed with various proteins as substrates. Greatest activity was obtained with histone subfraction f2b and the lowest activity with protamine. cAMP stimulated the phosphorylation of histones but not that of the other proteins. The specific activity of protein kinase in brown fat of rats changed during infancy, and the pattern of changes was different with different protein substrates.Electrophoresis of the tissue-soluble extract gave nine major bands of protein kinase activity. These were assayed on the gels under the optimal conditions for each substrate. Five of the bands were histone kinases and gave little activity with nonhistone proteins. Two bands gave their greatest activity with phosvitin or casein. Protamine and arginine-rich histone were particularly good substrates for the two remaining bands. The activity in each band exhibited a different and distinct pattern of ontogenic development, which was not affected by the nature of the protein used for the assay. There was a reasonable similarity between the overall developmental profile for the rate of phosphorylation of each substrate calculated from the sum of activities determined on the individual bands and the profile directly determined in the whole soluble fraction.Both the direct assay and the electrophoretic results indicate that brown fat contains a number of protein kinase activities that can be distinguished by their specificities for protein substrate and by the pattern of changes in their activities during development. There were three main patterns of ontogenic changes in activity: one decreased progressively from high values in late foetuses; the second showed a marked fall in activity during the 3rd week after birth; and in the third, the activity rose after birth and then remained constant. The greatest changes in kinase activity thus occur during the periods when there are pronounced changes in the rates of proliferation and differentiation in brown fat, in its capacity to produce heat, and in the diet of the animal. It seems possible that the different types of protein kinase carry out phosphorylations involved in the regulation of different processes in brown fat.

scholarly journals Pyruvate dehydrogenase-complex activity in brown adipose tissue of gold thioglucose-obese mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Cooney ◽  
G S Denyer ◽  
A L Kerbey ◽  
R L Frankland ◽  
S C Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Brown Adipose

The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex and PDH kinase were measured in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of 4-week-gold thioglucose (GTG)-obese mice. The proportion of PDH complex in the active dephosphorylated form was 2-fold higher in BAT of post-absorptive obese mice compared with lean controls. This result was consistent with the higher circulating insulin concentration observed in GTG-obese mice. In both obese and lean mice the PDH-complex activity in BAT decreased after 24 h starvation and increased in response to supraphysiological insulin injection, indicating that the PDH complex is insulin-responsive in BAT of GTG-obese mice. There was no difference in the PDH kinase activity of BAT in post-absorptive or insulin-injected lean and obese mice, suggesting that the higher PDH-complex activity in obese mice was not due to decreased PDH kinase activity. There is no evidence for a decreased activity of PDH complex contributing to insulin resistance in BAT of 4-week-GTG-obese mice.

scholarly journals Adipose-tissue pyruvate kinase. Properties and interconversion of two active forms

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
C I Pogson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase Activity ◽  
Bivalent Cation

1. Extraction of rat epididymal adipose tissue with buffer containing EDTA yields a pyruvate kinase, provisionally called PyK-A, the properties of which resemble in several respects those of the allosteric pyruvate kinase of liver. These properties include co-operative interactions with phosphoenolpyruvate, Mg2+, K+, NH4+ and ATP, and sensitivity to activation by fructose 1,6-diphosphate. 2. Extraction in the absence of EDTA yields predominantly a form, PyK-B, that shows both normal Michaelis–Menten kinetics with phosphoenolpyruvate, Mg2+ and ATP, and co-operative interactions with K+ and NH4+; this form is insensitive towards fructose 1,6-diphosphate. 3. Both forms yield simple kinetics with ADP, though Km values differ in the two systems. In all cases where co-operativity has been demonstrated, Hill-plot n values are between 1·4 and 2·0. 4. The conversion of PyK-A into PyK-B is mediated specifically by fructose 1,6-diphosphate; the reverse reaction is occasioned by EDTA, ATP or citrate. It is thought that a bivalent cation may be involved in this interconversion. 5. Attempts at partial purification have revealed that the enzyme resembles the pyruvate kinase of skeletal muscle, rather than that of liver, in its solubility in ammonium sulphate and elution from DEAE-cellulose. 6. The relevance of these properties in the regulation of pyruvate kinase activity in vivo in adipose tissue is discussed.

Brown Adipose Tissue in Lean and Obese Mice: Insulin-Receptor Binding and Tyrosine Kinase Activity

Diabetes ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -F. Tanti ◽  
T. Gremeaux ◽  
D. Brandenburg ◽  
E. V. Obberghen ◽  
Y. L. Marchand-Brustel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Activity ◽  
Insulin Receptor Binding ◽  
Brown Adipose

Effect of a thermogenic agent, BRL 26830A, on insulin receptors in obese mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. E101-E109 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rochet ◽  
J. F. Tanti ◽  
T. Gremeaux ◽  
E. Van Obberghen ◽  
Y. Le Marchand-Brustel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Receptor Number

The effect of a new type of antidiabetic agent, BRL 26830A, has been tested in obese mice. Since this drug increases thermogenesis, insulin receptor binding and kinase activity were studied in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of mice made obese by gold thioglucose. At 1 mg.kg-1.day-1, a 3-wk treatment normalized the glycemia and increased the uncoupling protein content of brown adipose tissue. The insulin receptor number and its associated kinase activity increased only in brown adipose tissue. At 2 mg.kg-1.day-1, additional effects, i.e., a 20% reduction in body weight and a normalization of insulin receptor number both in brown adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle, were observed. All those results were obtained even though hyperinsulinemia was not corrected. At the higher drug dosage, insulin receptor kinase activity evolved in direct proportion to the receptor number in brown adipose tissue. By contrast, in skeletal muscle, the receptor kinase activity toward exogenous substrates increased more than the receptor number, suggesting that the alteration of insulin receptor kinase activity previously reported in skeletal muscle of obese mice was partly reversed by BRL 26830A. None of these parameters was modified by the drug in lean mice. These results show that, even without affecting obesity, BRL 26830A improves insulin resistance in obese mice, probably through its effect on insulin receptors. This action prevails in brown adipose tissue, supporting the idea that this tissue plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Thermogenic drugs could thus be powerful agents for the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetics.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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