Red blood cells amino-acid pattern in protein energy malnutrition and the effect of oral dosing with single amino acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. El-Shobaki ◽  
N. El-Shawarby ◽  
M. F. S. El-Hawary ◽  
R. Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Protein Energy

Characterisation of Amino Acid Transport in Red Blood Cells of a Primitive vertebrate, the Pacific Hagfish (Eptatretus Stouti)

1990 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARON A. FINCHAM ◽  
MICHAEL W. WOLOWYK ◽  
JAMES D. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Transport ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Intracellular Amino Acid ◽  
Alanine Transport ◽  
The Pacific

Intracellular amino acid levels and the characteristics of amino acid transport were investigated in red blood cells of a primitive vertebrate, the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stouti Lockington). In contrast to red cells from euryhaline teleosts and elasmobranchs, which contain high concentrations of β-amino acids, those from hagfish exhibited an intracellular amino acid pool (approx. lOOmmoll−1cell water) composed almost entirely of conventional aαamino acids. Red cell:plasma distribution ratios for individual amino acids ranged from 219, 203 and 173 for alanine, αaminonbutyrate and proline, respectively, to 11 and 13 for lysine and arginine. Corresponding distribution ratios for Na+, K+ and Cl− were 0.043, 21 and 0.32, respectively. The cellular uptake of amino acids, with the exception of Lproline and glycine, was Na+-independent. Compared with mammalian and avian red cells, those from hagfish exhibited 104-fold higher rates of L-alanine transport. Uptake of this amino acid from the extracellular medium was concentrative, but occurred as a 1:1 exchange with intracellular amino acids. The L-alanine transport mechanism was identified as an asc-type system on the basis of its Na+ independence and selectivity for neutral amino acids of intermediate size. A volume-sensitive amino acid channel, which is found in both euryhaline teleosts and in elasmobranchs, is absent from hagfish red cells.

Decreased amino acid uptake by erythrocytes during postoperative sepsis

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
N B Roberts ◽  
R Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Postoperative Sepsis ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization

Abstract We describe a patient with postoperative sepsis associated with reduced ability to transport amino acids into erythrocytes. Administration of amino acid infusion showed no effect on plasma or red blood cell concentrations of the amino acids during the sepsis period. However, when the site of sepsis was removed, patient recovery was associated with marked increases of all amino acids, particularly in the red blood cells. The case illustrates the potential of red blood cells as a marker of amino acid utilization and demonstrates the association of sepsis with effects on cellular uptake.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in uptake of short-chain neutral amino acid by red blood cells and hepatocytes in trout (Salmo trutta).

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (21) ◽  
pp. 2781-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Gallardo ◽  
P Canals ◽  
J L Albi ◽  
J Pesquero ◽  
J Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Uptake

The present study shows that the capacity of trout (Salmo trutta) red blood cells (RBCs) and freshly isolated hepatocytes to take up short-chain neutral amino acids changes according to a seasonal pattern. Maximal amino acid uptake rates in RBCs were obtained in winter and spring, while minima were seen in summer and autumn. In contrast, the maximal rates for the freshly isolated hepatocytes were obtained in autumn and winter, and the minima were seen in spring and summer. In addition, by studying the uptake of glycine, evidence was found that the activities of the amino acids carriers ASC, asc and Gly in RBCs varied according to a seasonal rhythm. The activity of the ASC and asc systems changed in parallel with the global uptake of amino acids. Moreover, the RBC:plasma concentration ratio for certain substrates of these carriers (alanine, serine and glycine) varied accordingly. In contrast, the activity of the Gly system was modified inversely with respect to the overall amino acid uptake. The activity of the ASC system in freshly isolated hepatocytes was also seasonally modified, reaching a maximum in autumn, shortly before the reproductive period.

scholarly journals Amino acids in enteral formula based on local fermented food for children with protein energy malnutrition

10.5219/1480 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Yessie Finandita Pratiwi ◽  
Mohammad Sulchan ◽  
Diana Nur Afifah ◽  
Rusdin Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Enteral Formula ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Enteral Formulas

Protein-energy malnutrition still becomes a problem in the world and Indonesia. The enteral formula is needed in the process of fulfilling overall nutrition in the form of a liquid diet in malnourished patients to digest and absorb nutrients without any difficulties. Amino acid lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine, and tryptophan are often deficits in children's food; even, malnourished children (stunting, wasting, or protein-energy malnutrition) have decreased amino acids. Tempeh gembus, fermented local food, is used as the main ingredient for the enteral formula, and the hydrolysate process is carried out and made into flour, resulting in more amino acids due to the process of protein breakdown. The making of enteral formula from local food fermentation aims to enable the community to optimize local food into more nutritious food so that it can be produced at the household scale. Other supplementary ingredients are isolated soy protein, pumpkin flour, maltodextrin, sugar, and soybean oil. The enteral formula is isocaloric and isoprotein; it is divided into two with different compositions of the hydrolysate of Tempeh gembus flour. This study aims to determine the content of protein, amino acids, and limiting amino acids in the enteral formula. The amino acid analysis was performed using the HPLC method. Amino acid glutamate has the highest content in enteral formulas A and B (2,080 mg.100g-1and 1,950 mg.100g-1). The total amino acid content of enteral formula A is higher than that of enteral formula B with a difference of 210 mg.100g-1. Enteral formula A has a higher average amino acid content (1,400 mg.100g-1) than enteral formula B (1,378 mg.100g-1), and there is no significant difference (p = 0.812) between them. The enteral formula A has a higher amino acid content, but the highest protein content is in enteral formula B. The limiting amino acids in enteral formulas A and B are the methionine amino acids. Enteral formulas A and B can fulfill the needs of amino acids and be an alternative formula for Children with PEM.

scholarly journals Antagonists of the system L neutral amino acid transporter (LAT) promote endothelial adhesivity of human red blood cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (07) ◽  
pp. 1402-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Beth Mann Dosier ◽  
Vikram J. Premkumar ◽  
Hongmei Zhu ◽  
Izzet Akosman ◽  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Neutral Amino Acid ◽  
Neutral Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
System L

SummaryThe system L neutral amino acid transporter (LAT; LAT1, LAT2, LAT3, or LAT4) has multiple functions in human biology, including the cellular import of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), biologically active derivatives of nitric oxide (NO). SNO formation by haemoglobin within red blood cells (RBC) has been studied, but the conduit whereby a SNO leaves the RBC remains unidentified. Here we hypothesised that SNO export by RBCs may also depend on LAT activity, and investigated the role of RBC LAT in modulating SNO-sensitive RBC-endothelial cell (EC) adhesion. We used multiple pharmacologic inhibitors of LAT in vitro and in vivo to test the role of LAT in SNO export from RBCs and in thereby modulating RBC-EC adhesion. Inhibition of human RBC LAT by type-1-specific or nonspecific LAT antagonists increased RBC-endothelial adhesivity in vitro, and LAT inhibitors tended to increase post-transfusion RBC sequestration in the lung and decreased oxygenation in vivo. A LAT1-specific inhibitor attenuated SNO export from RBCs, and we demonstrated LAT1 in RBC membranes and LAT1 mRNA in reticulocytes. The proadhesive effects of inhibiting LAT1 could be overcome by supplemental L-CSNO (S-nitroso-L-cysteine), but not D-CSNO or L-Cys, and suggest a basal anti-adhesive role for stereospecific intercellular SNO transport. This study reveals for the first time a novel role of LAT1 in the export of SNOs from RBCs to prevent their adhesion to ECs. The findings have implications for the mechanisms of intercellular SNO signalling, and for thrombosis, sickle cell disease, and post-storage RBC transfusion, when RBC adhesivity is increased.

An optimal dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 91-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Wang ◽  
M. F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
The Ideal

An animal's rate of protein accretion (or nitrogen retention) is determined by the most deficient (or first limiting) amino acid in the diet, in a perfectly balanced (or ideal) protein all essential amino acids and the sum of the non-essential amino acids are equally limiting. If a dietary protein had any amino acids in excess of the ideal pattern, then the removal of any of the excess should not affect nitrogen retention. This principle was used to determine the ideal dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs.Three nitrogen balance trials were carried out with a total of 64 gilts of weight from 30 to 55 kg. Casein and a mixture of amino acids were used in the semi-purified diets. The animals were given the diets at the rate of 93 g/kg BW0.75/d in three equal meals mixed with 0.3 L water. The feeding times were 08.30, 12.30 and 17.30. All pigs received their experimental diets for 7 days, made up of 3 days preliminary and a 4-day collection, except that the preliminary period before the first collection in the first period was 7 days. Before the first collection bladder catheters were introduced.

Hemoglobin oxidation at functional amino acid residues during routine storage of red blood cells

Transfusion ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wither ◽  
Monika Dzieciatkowska ◽  
Travis Nemkov ◽  
Pavel Strop ◽  
Angelo D'Alessandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxidation
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