Yeasts associated with pollinating bees and flower nectar

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanwant K. Sandhu ◽  
Manjit K. Waraich
Keyword(s):  
Flower Nectar

scholarly journals Honey flora of forest plant community

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
V.P. Naumkin ◽  
N.A. Lopachev ◽  
V.T. Lobkov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Oak Ash

The honey flora of the forest plant community is an important forage resource for the development of beekeeping. That’s why it is desirable to assess species composition and total number of honey plants and to determine the honey reserve of the area of the forest community plant. The forest cover of the Orel region is 9.3%, and this cover is distributed on its territory very irregularly. 257 species out of the total number of honey plants in the region are found in the forests. Deciduous forests are dominant in the Orel region including oak, ash, linden, birch and aspen. The results of studies of flowering plants in the forest plant community showed that there is a sufficient number of honey plants in the forest to provide bee families with nectar from spring to late autumn due to the natural flower-nectar conveyor. The assessment of the honey stock of this community shows that the stock equals 4,872 tons from 203 thousand hectares of forest. And bees can sip only about 30% (1,626 tons). It proves that significant honey reserves are concentrated in the forest plant community of the Orel region. The rational use of these reserves will help to solve the problem of reproduction of new bee families of the aboriginal Central Russian breed and to organize a long honey gathering by bees that provide people of the region with honey.

Wybrane właściwości miodu szczególnie przydatne w kosmetologii

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Dubiago ◽  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Adam Klimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Natural Honey

Honey is produced by bees (Apis mellifera) from flower nectar and insect secretions. Like other bee products it is used as an adjuvant for treatment of many diseases. It also finds its uses for producing cosmetics. The main components of honey include carbohydrates, which represent approximately 80% of the dry matter, and water. Monosaccharides, mainly fructose and glucose, constitute approximately 70% of the sugars, whilst the remaining saccharides are disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Moreover, honey consists vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, amino acids and enzymes. Beneficial effect of natural honey on human health has been known for a long time because of its biological and therapeutic properties. It is used to treat some cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Among the best-known properties of honey are its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Important is also its antioxidant activity, which could be useful for producing anti-aging cosmetics.

Volatile constituents of Dactylanthus taylorii flower nectar in relation to flower pollination and browsing by animals

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1387-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Ecroyd ◽  
R.A. Franich ◽  
H.W. Kroese ◽  
D. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Flower Pollination ◽  
Flower Nectar

scholarly journals The Role of Water in Epiphytic Colonization and Infection of Pomaceous Flowers by Erwinia amylovora

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Free Moisture ◽  
Soil Irrigation

Detached crab apple flowers were used as an experimental model to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH), free moisture, and water potential Ψw on the interaction between Erwinia amylovora and pomaceous flowers. Flowers were maintained at 24°C with the cut pedicel submerged in a sucrose solution. The bacterium multiplied on inoculated flower stigmas at between approximately 55 and 100% RH but not in the floral cup (hypanthium) until the RH was higher than 80%. To study the effect of free moisture, stigma-inoculated flowers were kept wet for different periods. Flowers became diseased only with wetting, and incidence was high (77%) even when water application was immediately followed by a 52-min drying period. In other experiments with hypanthium-inoculated flowers, RH or sucrose concentration in holding vials was varied to affect Ψw of flower nectar and ovary tissue. Population size of E. amylovora in the hypanthium increased with nectar Ψw following a sigmoidal curve (R2 = 0.99). Disease incidence and severity, however, were more closely related to ovary Ψw (R2 = 0.85 and 0.91, respectively) than to bacterial population size (R2 = 0.25 and 0.67, respectively) as fitted to the quadratic equation. Maximum disease incidence and severity occurred at an ovary Ψw above -2.0 MPa, and disease severity continued to increase above -1.0 MPa. These results were confirmed with detached flowers of Delicious apple and d'Anjou pear. A practical implication is that disease might be partly managed in arid climates by limiting soil irrigation water during bloom and early fruit set.

The Disguise of the Hummingbird: On the Natural History of Huitzilopochtli in the Florentine Codex

Ethnohistory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-453
Author(s):  
Iris Montero Sobrevilla
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Visual Texts ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Florentine Codex

Abstract This essay explores the avian nature of Huitzilopochtli (“Hummingbird on the Left”), the tutelary god of the Mexica, by centering the deity’s association with the hummingbird. Arguing that there is a “natural history of Huitzilopochtli” deployed in book 11 of the Florentine Codex, devoted to “earthly things,” this analysis re-entangles hummingbird ethology with Huitzilopochtli’s cult, a bond that was severed in the early days of colonization. A close reading of the Nahuatl, Spanish, and visual texts in this book reveals that seasonal cycles and hummingbird behavior—energy budgeting, flower nectar diet, swift flight, and long-haul migration—can be interpreted as inspiring the three main feasts of Huitzilopochtli in the Mexica ritual year. Furthermore, reading the natural history entries in book 11 as related to the avian god illuminates how central hummingbirds were as markers of the dry and rainy seasons and their effects in Nahua social and ritual life.

STUDIES OF NECTAR SECRETION IN EXCISED FLOWERS: I.THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL CONDITIONS ON QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF NECTAR

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Nectar Sugar

Nectar secretion was studied in excised flowers of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) grown in culture solution during the secretory period. The supply of sugar to the flower was regulated by varying the sugar concentration of the culture medium or the volume of medium entering the flower. Nectar sugar yield, as well as flower dry weight, was closely related to the sugar supply. Concentration of sugar in the nectar was almost identical with that of the medium, suggesting that osmotic work was not done by the nectaries. Sucrose consistently supported much higher yields of nectar than any of the other sugars tested, though many of the other sugars appeared to be assimilated as readily by the flower as sucrose. Sugar transformations occurred in nectar of flowers cultured on sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and raffinose, but not in flowers supplied with xylose or sorbose. Sucrose spots were usually found in chromatograms of nectar in which transformations occurred. Despite the lack of evidence for the performance of osmotic work, the data are considered to support the recent suggestion by Frey-Wyssling that secretion results from metabolic activity in the nectary.

Nectar secretion pattern, removal effects, and breeding system of Ligaria cuneifolia (Loranthaceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1996-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo L. Rivera ◽  
Leonardo Galetto ◽  
L. Bernardello
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Female Function ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Flower Age ◽  
Female Phase ◽  
Male Phase ◽  
Pattern Removal ◽  
Flower Phenology

Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Ligaria cuneifolia have been studied, addressing the following questions: (i) Are there temporal differences in the female and male functions? (ii) How do nectar composition, volume, concentration, and amount of sugar vary throughout the flower lifetime? (iii) How does the plant respond to nectar removal? (iv) What is the breeding system of this species? Flowers last 4 days. There is a predominance of the male function in the first days and of the female function in the last days. Chemical composition of nectar varies throughout the flower lifetime; there is a constant decrease in sucrose along with an increase in glucose. Nectar is secreted during nights, and every secretion period is followed by a cessation interval. After the final cessation, a period of active resorption follows. During the mostly male phase of the flower, nectar has more sucrose than hexose, its secretion is discontinuous, and nectar removal reduces the rate of nectar production. During the mostly female phase, nectar has more hexose than sucrose, its secretion ceases, nectar removal does not affect nectar production, and a resorption period is inferred. Tests for spontaneous autogamy and apomixis were negative. Low fruit set is obtained when autogamous, geitonogamous, and xenogamous hand pollinations are performed on flowers less than 2 days old compared with flowers at least 3 days old (0, 15, and 47% versus 19, 37.5, and 89%, respectively). These results indicate the the reproductive system of L. cuneifolia is primarily xenogamous, but reproductive success is related to flower age. Keywords: Loranthaceae, Ligaria, nectar chemistry, breeding system, flower phenology, reproductive biology.

Bait Selection of Butterflies at Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex World Heritage, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 683-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanya Lapkratok ◽  
Pongthep Suwanwaree
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Fish Sauce ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Fermented Fish ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Selection Of

Butterflies mainly feed on flower nectar and juice of rotting fruit, carrion, or dung. To attract butterflies, we tested 8 fermented fruits and fish bait types in dry evergreen and secondary forest at Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex World Heritage, Thailand. Three replicates of each bait traps were hang in an open area from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. once a month from May to October 2010. We found a total of 79 butterfly species (3,038 individuals). The average number of species and individuals were significantly different among bait types, months, and forest types (p<0.01). Fermented fish mixed with fermented pineapple attracted the most species (69 species) since it contained both sodium and amino acids, followed by fish sauce (49 species), fermented fish (46 species), pineapple (35 species), banana (26 species), papaya (17 species), watermelon (11 species) and beer (8 species), respectively. The most commonly attracted butterfly was Euploea core (427 individuals), followed by Euploearadamanthus (288) individuals), Caletaroxus (234 individuals), Paranticaaglea (211 individuals), Tirumalaseptentrionis (123 individuals), and Prosotasgracilis (117 individuals), respectively. Therefore, fermented fish mixed with fermented pineapple is recommended as a bait to attract fruit-feeding butterflies in the tropic..

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