Problems associated with digital luminescence radiography in the neonate and young infant

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Arthur ◽  
J. N. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Young Infant ◽  
Digital Luminescence Radiography

Digital Luminescence Radiography in Interstitial Lung Disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kehler ◽  
U. Albrechtsson ◽  
A. Andrésdóttir ◽  
I. Brådvik ◽  
P. Hochbergs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Digital Luminescence Radiography

Efficacy of Inverted Digital Luminescence Radiography in Evaluating Chest Neoplasms

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kehler ◽  
U. Albrechtsson ◽  
A. Andrésdóttir ◽  
P. Hochbergs ◽  
H. Lárusdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Digital Chest ◽  
Digital Luminescence Radiography

Inverted (positive) digital chest radiographs of patients with lung tumors were compared with commonly used (negative) digital images, consisting of one simulated normal and one contrast enhanced image. The first part of the material consisted of 80 patients of whom 40 had tumors and 40 were normal. Five radiologists with different experience reviewed the examinations. From their answers, ROC curves were constructed. The second part of the material consisted of 100 chest phantom examinations with a simulated tumor in the mediastinum (45 examinations) and/or the left lung (46 examinations). In 31 exposures there was no abnormality. These were reviewed by 3 observers and performed as an ROC study as well. There was no statistical difference between the different types of images or between the observers in the 2 studies.

Hypoallergenic Infant Formulas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1069
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Pulmonary Hemosiderosis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Dietary Antigens

Antigenic constituents of human milk or of alternative feedings for infants may be responsible for adverse reactions in a subset of infants with milk protein intolerance. These reactions include those commonly associated with atopy, such as angioedema, urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and eczema. Pulmonary hemosiderosis, malabsorption with villous atrophy, and eosinophilic enterocolitis, perhaps mediated by immune complexes or T cells, have also been associated with the ingestion of cow's milk proteins and/or soy proteins in infant feedings. Colic, sleeplessness, and irritability are symptoms seen in almost all infants at some time during infancy, including those few infants with immune-mediated reactions to dietary antigens. Determining that adverse reactions are, in fact, immune mediated is often difficult and is accomplished by an in vivo challenge with the potential offending antigen, together with in vitro confirmation of immunoreactivity to the challenge antigen. Double-blind challenge with purified dietary antigens is useful in relating symptoms to a specific antigen, but the results may be difficult to interpret if the appearance of symptoms is delayed beyond several hours in a young infant. In vitro testing is compromised by the presence of some form of immunoreactivity, such as hemagglutinating antibodies, to dietary antigens in a large percentage of infants without symptoms and by lack of standardization of clinical tests for cell-mediated reactions to dietary antigens. Much effort also has been devoted to predicting in which infants immune-mediated reactions to dietary proteins will develop in advance of their introduction into the diet. Increased cord blood IgE concentrations and parental history of atopy place an infant at highest risk for atopic disease during infancy and early childhood.

ERNST MORO (1874-1951)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-645
Author(s):  
Dick Hoefnagel ◽  
Dieter Lüders
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
Small Observation

"DAS ERSTE TRIMENON" was the title of a lecture given by Ernst Moro (Fig. 1) on May 7, 1918, before a meeting of the Society of Natural History and Medicine in Heidelberg; in this lecture the speaker discussed some features peculiar to the first 3 months of an infant's life.1 At the end of it "almost as an afterthought,"2 Moro described what he called "a small observation": When a young infant is placed on the examining table and one taps with the hands on both sides of the pillow there follows a peculiar motor reflex: both arms are symmetrically extended and then approach each other again with slight shaking movements.

Consultation with the Specialist: Diagnosis and Management of the Newborn and Young Infant Who Have Nasal Obstruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Susannah Q. Olnes ◽  
Richard H. Schwartz ◽  
Robert S. Bahadori
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

The Mother Working Outside the Home

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Young Infant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Care Giver ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Substitute Care ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Sociocultural Background

Sixty percent of women (35% of mothers of children less than 18 years of age and 45% of mothers with preschool-aged children) in the United States work outside the home either of necessity or by choice. The pediatrician, who has an important role in helping such women find the best way of dealing with their multiple and demanding roles as workers, wives, and mothers, is often asked to address some of the questions posed below. 1. Is my working harmful to my child? The answer to this question depends upon (a) the provision of a safe, caring environment for the child; and (b) the mother's satisfaction in her outside work, the support and help of her family, and her vitality at the end of the day to nurture her children. 2. How do I evaluate a substitute care-giving situation? In addition to safety, sanitation, and the provision of proper nutrition, the kind of care giver to whom a young infant or young child is entrusted is the overriding consideration. This person must be warm, caring, responsible, and able to provide the child the stimulation of new learning experiences. In all cases, parents should talk frequently with the care giver about the child-rearing practices they desire, especially if the substitute mother is inexperienced or comes from a different sociocultural background. Although the needs of each child in a group setting vary with his or her age and personality, a ratio of one adult to three infants less than 2 years of age is advised, with the desired ratio increasing to 1 to 4 or 1 to 5 for older children.

Presentation of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate and Young Infant

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Silberbach ◽  
David Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Young Infant

Childhood Outcomes Following Parechovirus Infections in a US Young Infant Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Kilbride ◽  
Mary Anne Jackson ◽  
Rangaraj Selvarangan
Keyword(s):  
Young Infant

INTRAPERICARDIAL TERATOMA: A CAUSE OF ACUTE PERICARDIAL EFFUSION IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
James L. Reynolds ◽  
John K. Donahue ◽  
Charles W. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Young Infants

On the basis of personal experience with two patients and a review of the 35 previously reported cases, we described the pathologic and clinical features of intrapericardial teratoma. This tumor is single, large, encapsulated, multicystic, and pedunculated. It is attached by a short fibrous stalk or pedicle to the adventitia of one or both great arteries. Only 2 of the 37 intrapericardial teratomas were malignant. The tumor is found predominantly in children, usually during early infancy, and among cardiac tumors of childhood it is second only to rhabdomyoma in frequency. Acute or chronic pericardial effusion commonly accompanies the teratoma. All young infants reported have had acute pericardial effusion with tamponade. Typically, the associated fluid is serous, sterile, copious, and recurrent; it usually obscures the presence of the tumor. Intrapericardial teratoma is a likely diagnosis in any young infant having such penicardial effusion; other cardiac tumors do not have these clinical features. Artificial pneumopericardium will demonstrate the teratoma, and operation is curative if the tumor is benign. Uncontrollable bleeding from the aorta on dissection of the tumor stalk has been an operative hazard; but, if anticipated, it can be avoided.

Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-264
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pediatric Radiologist ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Skeletal Injury ◽  
Infant And Young Child

The concept of child abuse as a medical entity has its origins in the radiologic studies of the pediatric radiologist Dr John Caffey, as well as many other specialists in the field of diagnostic imaging. When all cases of child abuse and neglect are studied, the incidence of physical alterations documentable by diagnostic imaging is relatively small. However, imaging studies are often critical in the infant and young child with evidence of physical injury, and they also may be the first indication of abuse in a child who is seen initially with an apparent natural illness. As most conventional imaging studies performed in this setting are noninvasive and entail minimal radiation risks, recommendations regarding imaging should focus on examinations, which provide the highest diagnostic yield at acceptable costs. SKELETAL IMAGING Although skeletal injuries rarely pose a threat to the life of the abused child, they are the strongest radiologic indicators of abuse. In fact, in the young infant, certain radiologic abnormalities are sufficiently characteristic to allow a firm diagnosis of inflicted injury in the absence of clinical information. This fact mandates that imaging surveys performed to identify skeletal injury be carried out with the same level of technical excellence utilized in examinations routinely performed to evaluate accidental injuries. The "body gram" or abbreviated skeletal surveys have no place in the imaging of these subtle, but highly specific bony abnormalities. In general, the radiographic skeletal survey is the method of choice for skeletal imaging in cases of suspected abuse. Modern pediatric imaging systems commonly use special film, cassettes, and intensifying screens to minimize exposure.

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