Human chromosomal heteromorphism in American blacks. V. Racial differences in size variation of the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Verma ◽  
H. Dosik
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Chromosomal Heteromorphism ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
American Blacks

scholarly journals Chromosomal Heteromorphism with Reference to Cancer and Reproduction in Human: An Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi P. Shah ◽  
Parth S. Shah ◽  
Jeanny Dominic ◽  
Bhavini S. Shah ◽  
Sandip S. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Heteromorphism ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

Background and Objectives: Human cell nucleus has, the genome consisting of euchromatin and heterochromatin. The euchromatin has gene-rich and actively functional. The heterochromatin has two components namely constitutive and facultative, where the former is highly polymorphic. It is related to numerous diseases like cancer and infertility which is now well known, though it was earlier thought to be inactive; hence the implication of these polymorphic variants of chromosomes is reviewed with respect to acrocentric and non- acrocentric types. Methodologies: The polymorphic variants can be detected by C, G, Q and R banding techniques. We usually follow G band preparation of karyotypes following World Health Organisation (WHO) manuals and their role in cancer and reproduction is reviewed. Review and Conclusion: It is emphasized that most of the p and q arms of 1, 9, 16, D and G groups and X, Y chromosomes exhibited polymorphism which are related to cancerous and infertile conditions in both sexes. Data on few non-acrocentric chromosomes like 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 18, 19 and 20 are not available. Our review however indicated that the evaluation of specific heteromorphic variants needs to be detected using specific probes for confirmation of anomaly to assist affected cases, though earlier data indicated ambiguous information with few cases analyzed regarding assisted reproductive technologies and malignancy condition. This appraisal thus would play a key role in human chromosomal heteromorphic abnormalities and recommend genetic tests and counseling ultimately made available to the affected cases.

Race, Head Size, and Intelligence

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Kamin ◽  
Safiya Omari
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Cranial Capacity ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Measuring Head ◽  
Head Height ◽  
American Blacks

We review recent research which estimates racial differences in cranial capacity by measuring head dimensions of living persons. We describe errors in published reports, and find that American whites have greater head height than American blacks, but that blacks have greater head length and greater head circumference. Estimates of cranial capacity are determined by racial differences in head shape. Possible relations between head size and measured IQ are so small that they cannot possibly explain black-white differences in IQ. Why, despite this, does ‘scientific’ interest in race differences in cranial capacity persist?

The Effect of Race on Circadian Patterns of Blood Pressure: Results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Feeding Study

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 715-715
Author(s):  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
Jeanne Charleston ◽  
Paul R Conlin ◽  
Thomas P Erlinger ◽  
David W Harsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Excess Burden ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
American Blacks ◽  
Circadian Patterns

P122 In most studies, American blacks have a blunted nocturnal decline in BP compared to non-blacks. A major limitation of such analyses has been the inability to control for factors that influence BP (diet, weight, physical activity and socioeconomic status). We used data from the run-in period of the DASH feeding study to determine whether racial differences in circadian BP persist after adjusting for traditional determinants of BP. At end of run-in, a 3 week period when all participants had been fed a common diet (3 gm/d of Na, 1.7 gm/d of K), we obtained ambulatory BP. Participants (198 blacks and 156 non-blacks) had a baseline random-zero SBP <160 and DBP of 80-95 mmHg (mean 131/85 mmHg in both groups). Main results are displayed below. In summary, blacks who had the same baseline BP and who ate the same diet as non-blacks had a blunted nocturnal decline in BP, even after adjustment for other factors that influence BP. Sustained nocturnal BP may partially explain the excess burden of BP-related cardiovascular disease in blacks.

scholarly journals Karyotype and genome size variation in white-flowered Eranthis sect. Shibateranthis (Ranunculaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Yu. Mitrenina ◽  
Andrey S. Erst ◽  
Lorenzo Peruzzi ◽  
Mikhail V. Skaptsov ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Intrachromosomal Asymmetry

Comparative karyomorphological analyses of six out of the eight white-flowered species of Eranthis sect. Shibateranthis have been carried out. All studied specimens of E. byunsanensis, E. lobulata, E. pinnatifida, and E. stellata had a somatic chromosome number 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number x = 8. On the contrary, E. tanhoensis and E. sibirica had a basic chromosome number x = 7. The specimens of E. tanhoensis were diploid with 2n = 14, while the specimens of E. sibirica were polyploid with 2n = 42. Monoploid chromosome sets of the investigated diploid species had 4–5 metacentric chromosomes and 2–4 submetacentric/subtelocentric/acrocentric chromosomes. The highest level of interchromosomal asymmetry, estimated via CVCL, was found in E. byunsanensis and E. pinnatifida. The highest levels of intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) and heterogeneity in centromere position (CVCI) were found in E. lobulata and E. byunsanensis, while E. sibirica had the most symmetric karyotype. A multivariate PCoA analysis of basic karyotype parameters (2n, x, THL, CVCL, MCA, and CVCI) highlighted no overlap among species accessions, which was also confirmed by LDA. The average absolute monoploid DNA content (1Cx) of the 23 investigated samples of six Eranthis species varied from 9.26 ± 0.25 pg in E. sibirica to 15.93 ± 0.32 pg in E. stellata. Overall karyological affinity was highlighted between E. lobulata and E. stellata, on one side, and between E. byunsanensis and E. pinnatifida, on the other side. Interestingly, there was no significant correlation between total haploid (monoploid) chromosome length (THL) and 1Cx values in these species.

A role for upstream binding factor in organizing ribosomal gene chromatin

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Wright ◽  
Christine Mais ◽  
José-Luis Prieto ◽  
Brian McStay
Keyword(s):  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Upstream Binding Factor ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Secondary Constrictions ◽  
Active Nors

Human ribosomal genes are located in NORs (nucleolar organizer regions) on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. During metaphase, previously active NORs appear as prominent chromosomal features termed secondary constrictions, which are achromatic in chromosome banding and positive in silver staining. The architectural RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF (upstream binding factor) binds extensively across the ribosomal gene repeat throughout the cell cycle. Evidence that UBF underpins NOR structure is provided by an examination of cell lines in which large arrays of a heterologous UBF binding sequences are integrated at ectopic sites on human chromosomes. These arrays efficiently recruit UBF even to sites outside the nucleolus, and during metaphase form novel silver-stainable secondary constrictions, termed pseudo-NORs, that are morphologically similar to NORs.

140: Racial Differences in Clinical Progression Among Medicare Recipients after Treatment for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Cohen ◽  
Victor J. Schoenbach ◽  
Jay S. Kaufman ◽  
James A. Talcott ◽  
Paul A. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Progression

208: Racial Differences in Evaluation of Prostate Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Nitya Abraham ◽  
Fei Wan ◽  
Chantal Montagnet ◽  
Yu-Ning Wong ◽  
Katrina Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Racial Differences

The Confederate Flag: Implications for Racial Differences in Academic Performance

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Goplen ◽  
E. Ashby Plant ◽  
Joyce Ehrlinger ◽  
Jonathan W. Kunstman ◽  
Corey J. Columb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Racial Differences
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