Effects of pheromone plume structure and visual stimuli on the pheromone-modulated upwind flight of male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) in a Forest (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Willis ◽  
C. T. David ◽  
J. Murlis ◽  
R. T. Cardé
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Upwind Flight ◽  
Plume Structure ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Pheromone Plume ◽  
Forest Lepidoptera

Pheromone-mediated upwind flight of male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar, in a forest

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK A. WILLIS ◽  
JOHN MURLIS ◽  
RING T. CARDÉ
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Upwind Flight ◽  
Gypsy Moths

Influence of odour plume structure on upwind flight of mosquitoes towards hosts

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (12) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Geier ◽  
O.J. Bosch ◽  
J. Boeckh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Upwind Flight ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Plume Structure ◽  
Odour Plume ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Odour Plumes

Both the concentration and the fine-scale plume structure of host odours influence the upwind flight of female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in a wind tunnel. The attractive effects of carbon dioxide, human skin odour and l-(+)-lactic acid were tested in homogeneous, turbulent and filamentous odour plumes. With carbon dioxide, the percentage of upwind-flying mosquitoes increased with the increasing fluctuations in concentration that occur in turbulent and filamentous plumes. In homogeneous plumes, an initial activation effect was observed, but sustained upwind flights were less frequent than in the other plumes. The opposite was found with plumes of human skin odour: the highest number of mosquitoes flew upwind in the homogeneous plume, whereas in turbulent or filamentous plumes their numbers were significantly lower. Regardless of plume type, the percentage of upwind-flying mosquitoes increased with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and of skin odour. With l-(+)-lactic acid, the dose-response characteristics were not consistent, and the relative effects of different plume types upon upwind flights differed within different ranges of concentration. Even maximum reactions to this compound were modest compared with those to carbon dioxide or to skin odour. Our findings demonstrate (1) that mosquitoes are able to orient upwind under continuous odour stimulation and (2) that upwind flight is dependent upon plume structure in different ways for different host odour components.

Sperm Transfer in Gypsy Moths: Effect of Constant or Cyclic Temperature and Constant Light or Darkness during the Pupal Stage

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Proshold
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Sperm Transfer ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Cyclic Temperature ◽  
Full Complement

Sperm transfer and fertility of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), held as pupae under constant temperature and 24-h light, 24-h darkness, or a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h were compared with males held in cyclic temperature and 24-h light, 24-h darkness, or a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Constant temperature and constant light or darkness severely reduced its ability to transfer sperm. Males held under constant light were more severely affected than males held in darkness, but sperm transfer was not correlated with light intensity (between 80 and 3960 lux). Nearly all males held under constant light and most held under constant darkness were sterile or partially sterile. In either case, sterility was caused by poor sperm transfer. Females with a full complement of sperm were fertile regardless of holding condition of male pupae. The sterilizing effect of constant light or darkness was overridden by cyclic temperature of 28°C for 16 h and 22°C for 8 h. At a photoperiod of 16:8 h, pupae held in constant 28°C transferred less sperm than those held at 25°C. Pupae held at constant 30°C were sterile, but those held at 30°C for 16 h and 25°C for 8 h transferred similar quantities of sperm as males held at constant 28°C.

The Effects of Lichen Extracts on Feeding by Gypsy Moths (Lymantria dispar)

1990 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rose Blewitt ◽  
Gillian A. Cooper-Driver
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Gypsy Moths
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