Identification of resistance genes to Puccinia striiformis in seedlings of Ethiopian and CIMMYT bread wheat varieties and lines

1990 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayele Badebo ◽  
Ron W. Stubbs ◽  
Maarten Ginkel ◽  
Getinet Gebeyehu
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals The determination of the resistance inheritance against common bunt in wheat and half-diallel hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Gülçin Akgören Palabiyik ◽  
İsmail Poyraz ◽  
Ahmet Umay
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Dominant Genes

This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of common bunt resistance in twelve bread wheat varieties and their half-diallel hybrids in Turkey. The disease ratings were performed on the F2 generations of the hybrids in field conditions. The obtained data were analysed by the χ2 test to determine the effective gene numbers and inheritance type in the disease resistance. In addition, the data were evaluated according to the Jinks-Hayman diallel analyses. In conclusion, it was found that of the twelve wheat parents, four contained three resistance genes and four of them contain two resistance genes. The dominant genes were prominent in the population and complete dominance was present. Therefore, the selection for disease resistance should be delayed until the following generations.

scholarly journals Stem rust in Western Siberia – race composition and effective resistance genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Shamanin ◽  
I. V. Pototskaya ◽  
S. S. Shepelev ◽  
V. E. Pozherukova ◽  
E. A. Salina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Stem rust in recent years has acquired an epiphytotic character, causing significant economic damage  for wheat production in some parts of Western Siberia. On the basis of a race composition study of the stem rust  populations collected in 2016–2017 in Omsk region and Altai Krai, 13 pathotypes in Omsk population and 10 in  Altai population were identified. The race differentiation of stem rust using a tester set of 20 North American  Sr genes differentiator lines was carried out. The genes of stem rust pathotypes of the Omsk population are avirulent only to the resistance gene Sr31, Altai isolates are avirulent not only to Sr31, but also to Sr24, and Sr30. A low  frequency of virulence (10–25 %) of the Omsk population pathotypes was found for Sr11, Sr24,Sr30, and for Altai  population – Sr7b,Sr9b,Sr11,SrTmp, which are ineffective in Omsk region. Field evaluations of resistance to stem  rust were made in 2016–2018 in Omsk region in the varieties and spring wheat lines from three different sources.  The first set included 58 lines and spring bread wheat varieties with identified Sr genes – the so-called trap nursery  (ISRTN – International Stem Rust Trap Nursery). The second set included spring wheat lines from the Arsenal collection, that were previously selected according to a complex of economically valuable traits, with genes for resistance  to stem rust, including genes introgressed into the common wheat genome from wild cereal species. The third  set included spring bread wheat varieties created in the Omsk State Agrarian University within the framework of  a shuttle breeding program, with a synthetic wheat with the Ae. tauschiigenome in their pedigrees. It was established that the resistance genes Sr31, Sr40,Sr2 complexare effective against stem rust in the conditions of Western  Siberia. The following sources with effective Srgenes were selected: (Benno)/6*LMPG-6 DK42, Seri 82, Cham 10,  Bacanora (Sr31), RL 6087 Dyck (Sr40), Amigo (Sr24,1RS-Am), Siouxland (Sr24,Sr31), Roughrider (Sr6, Sr36), Sisson  (Sr6,Sr31,Sr36), and Fleming (Sr6,Sr24,Sr36,1RS-Am), Pavon 76 (Sr2 complex) from the ISRTN nursery; No. 1 BC 1F2 (96 × 113) × 145 × 113 (Sr2,Sr36,Sr44), No. 14а F 3(96 × 113) × 145 (Sr36,Sr44), No. 19 BC 2F3(96 × 113) × 113 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr44), and No. 20 F 3 (96 × 113) × 145  (Sr2,Sr36,Sr40, Sr44) from the Arsenal collection; and the Omsk State Agrarian  University varieties Element 22 (Sr31,Sr35), Lutescens 27-12, Lutescens 87-12 (Sr23,Sr36), Lutescens 70-13, and  Lutescens 87-13 (Sr23,Sr31,Sr36). These sources are recommended for inclusion in the breeding process for developing stem rust resistant varieties in the region.  

scholarly journals Stripe rust resistance genes in a set of Ethiopian bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeray Siyoum Gebreslasie ◽  
Shuo Huang ◽  
Gangming Zhan ◽  
Ayele Badebo ◽  
Qingdong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractStripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia and worldwide. To identify resistance genes, 90 bread wheat lines and 10 cultivars were tested at the seedling stage against one Pst race from Ethiopia and six races from China as well as evaluated for the stripe rust response in an inoculated field nursery at Yangling, Shaanxi province and in a naturally infected field in Jiangyou, Sichuan, China. Resistance genes were postulated using molecular assays for Yr9, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr44 and Yr62. Of the 100 entries tested, 16 had all stage resistance to all races. Molecular markers were positive for Yr9 in five genotypes, Yr17 in 21 genotypes, Yr18 in 27 genotypes, Yr26 in ten genotypes, Yr29 in 22 genotypes, Yr36 in 12 genotypes, Yr44 in 30 genotypes, and Yr62 in 51 genotypes. No line had Yr5, Yr8, Yr10 or Yr15. Complete or all stage resistance was observed in genotypes carrying gene combinations Yr9 + Yr18 + Yr44 + Yr62, Yr29 + Yr62 + Yr26 and Yr9 + Yr17 + Yr26 + Yr44 + Yr62. The results are helpful for developing wheat cultivars with effective and more durable resistance to stripe rust both in China and Ethiopia.

Postulation of Powder Mildew Resistance Genes in 64 Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Gansu Province, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2107-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Qin CAO ◽  
Hui-Sheng LUO ◽  
Cui-Ping WU ◽  
She-Lin JIN ◽  
Xiao-Ming WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mildew Resistance

scholarly journals Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽  
Ravikumar Hosamani ◽  
Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽  
S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽  
Uday G. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

scholarly journals Evolution of Physiologic Races and Virulence of Puccinia striiformis on Wheat in Syria and Lebanon

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Yahyaoui ◽  
M. S. Hakim ◽  
M. El Naimi ◽  
N. Rbeiz
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Virulence-avirulence phenotypes of Puccinia striiformis isolates collected in Lebanon and Syria were determined on seedlings of the wheat-yellow rust differential genotypes. We found 25 and 11 physiologic races over 6 years (1994 to 1999) in Syria and Lebanon, respectively. The composition of physiologic races found in Syria and Lebanon differed greatly between 1994 and 1999. Races identified in 1999, such as 230E150 and 230E134, have wider spectra of virulence on resistant genotypes than races collected in 1994. In Lebanon, three races were found in 1994 compared with six races in 1999. Yellow rust differential genotypes were used in a trap nursery to monitor yellow rust populations under natural conditions. Races identified from cultivars in the trap nursery in Syria and Lebanon, and from land race cultivars in Iraq, were recovered among the races identified from farm fields. Yellow rust samples were collected from Yemen, and none of the races identified from Yemen samples were identical to those in Syria and Lebanon. Virulence frequencies in the yellow rust population on the differential genotypes tested in the trap nurseries were above 70% for some resistance genes. Yellow rust populations in Syria and Lebanon have diverse virulence phenotypes. P. striiformis populations appear to be changing over, and this would be an important consideration for wheat breeding programs in the region.

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