Relative prices and international competitiveness: An empirical investigation

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kellman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Relative Prices

scholarly journals Unit Values, Productivity, and Trade - Determinants of Spanish Export Strength

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Vollmer ◽  
Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso ◽  
Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann D.
Keyword(s):  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
Different Sources

In this paper we assess the current relevance of different sources of international competitiveness. Relative prices, labor costs, and productivity are evaluated as determinants of a country's international competitiveness at the industry level. Working with detailed data on unit values and with industry data on productivity, we empirically implement a MacDougall-type model for Spanish and French trade to Brazil, China, Japan, and the U.S. The period under study is 1980 to 2001 and we distinguish in our analysis between homogenous, reference-priced, and differentiated goods. Our results indicate that cost competitiveness factors are only valid for explaining trade with developing countries while other factors are of importance for developed economies. Overall price competitiveness is of importance, but for differentiated goods, factors distinct from prices seem to determine export success.

A Probabilistic Approach to Pricing a Bundle of Products or Services

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
Vijay Mahajaim
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Reservation Price ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Season Ticket ◽  
Mixed Bundling ◽  
The Individual

The authors propose a probabilistic approach to optimally price a bundle of products or services that maximizes seller's profits. Their focus is on situations in which consumer decision making is on the basis of multiple criteria. For model development and empirical investigation they consider a season ticket bundle for a series of entertainment performances such as sports games and music/dance concerts. In this case, they assume consumer purchase decisions to be a function of two independent resource dimensions, namely, available time to attend performances and reservation price per performance. Using this information, the model suggests the optimal prices of the bundle and/or components (individual performances), and corresponding maximum profits under three alternative strategies: (a) pure components (each performance is priced and offered separately), (b) pure bundling (the performances are priced and offered only as a bundle), and (c) mixed bundling (both the bundle and the individual performances are priced and offered separately). They apply their model to price a planned series of music/dance performances. Results indicate that a mixed bundling strategy is more profitable than pure components or pure bundling strategies provided the relative prices of the bundle and components are carefully chosen. Limitations and possible extensions of the model are discussed.

scholarly journals Implications for Public Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 449-472
Author(s):  
John Page ◽  
Finn Tarp
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Relative Prices

Natural resources can make diversification and structural change more challenging. This chapter focuses on why public policy matters. International competitiveness depends on both relative prices and on the policy and institutional changes and investments that governments make to enhance it. Drawing on the five country case studies in this volume, the authors suggest lessons for the design of policies to promote structural change in Africa’s resource exporters. They address the three key themes—managing the boom, the construction sector, and linking industry to the resource—then propose ideas for widening options for structural change. These include reforms to deal with ‘Dutch disease’, expanding the concept of structural change from a focus on industrialization to ‘industries without smokestacks’, and investing in knowledge.

Self-Esteem and the SCII: Empirical Investigation of a Clinical Observation

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Karen Friedel ◽  
Jo-Ida Hansen ◽  
Thomas J. Hummel ◽  
Warren F. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Self Esteem

Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bloom ◽  
Shareen Holly ◽  
Adam M. P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Cns Stimulant ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

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