scholarly journals Movable genetic elements and antibiotic resistance in enterococci

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Clewell
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Movable Genetic Elements

scholarly journals Black Queen Evolution and Trophic Interactions Determine Plasmid Survival after the Disruption of the Conjugation Network

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Cairns ◽  
Katariina Koskinen ◽  
Reetta Penttinen ◽  
Tommi Patinen ◽  
Anna Hartikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Genetic Elements

ABSTRACTMobile genetic elements such as conjugative plasmids are responsible for antibiotic resistance phenotypes in many bacterial pathogens. The ability to conjugate, the presence of antibiotics, and ecological interactions all have a notable role in the persistence of plasmids in bacterial populations. Here, we set out to investigate the contribution of these factors when the conjugation network was disturbed by a plasmid-dependent bacteriophage. Phage alone effectively caused the population to lose plasmids, thus rendering them susceptible to antibiotics. Leakiness of the antibiotic resistance mechanism allowing Black Queen evolution (i.e. a “race to the bottom”) was a more significant factor than the antibiotic concentration (lethal vs sublethal) in determining plasmid prevalence. Interestingly, plasmid loss was also prevented by protozoan predation. These results show that outcomes of attempts to resensitize bacterial communities by disrupting the conjugation network are highly dependent on ecological factors and resistance mechanisms.IMPORTANCEBacterial antibiotic resistance is often a part of mobile genetic elements that move from one bacterium to another. By interfering with the horizontal movement and the maintenance of these elements, it is possible to remove the resistance from the population. Here, we show that a so-called plasmid-dependent bacteriophage causes the initially resistant bacterial population to become susceptible to antibiotics. However, this effect is efficiently countered when the system also contains a predator that feeds on bacteria. Moreover, when the environment contains antibiotics, the survival of resistance is dependent on the resistance mechanism. When bacteria can help their contemporaries to degrade antibiotics, resistance is maintained by only a fraction of the community. On the other hand, when bacteria cannot help others, then all bacteria remain resistant. The concentration of the antibiotic played a less notable role than the antibiotic used. This report shows that the survival of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities represents a complex process where many factors present in real-life systems define whether or not resistance is actually lost.

Mercury resistance (mer) operons in enterobacteria

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hobman ◽  
A. M. M. Essa ◽  
N. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Mercuric Ion

Mercury resistance is found in many genera of bacteria. Common amongst enterobacteria are transposons related to Tn21, which is both mercuric ion- and streptomycin-/spectinomycin-and sulphonamide-resistant. Other Tn21-related transposons often have different antibiotic resistances compared with Tn21, but share many non-antibiotic-resistance genes with it. In this article we discuss possible mechanisms for the evolution of Tn21 and related genetic elements.

Mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance in mine soil amended with organic wastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Garbisu ◽  
Olatz Garaiyurrebaso ◽  
Anders Lanzén ◽  
Itxaso Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
Lide Arana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Genetic Elements
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