The effect of continuously cooling the hypothalamic preoptic area on antibody titre in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Banet ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
H. Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Preoptic Area

Anatomical distribution of brainstem sites where PGE1 induces hyperthermia in macaque species

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Simpson ◽  
W. D. Ruwe ◽  
R. D. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Bacterial Pyrogen ◽  
Hyperthermic Response ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Endogenous Activity ◽  
Hypothalamic Preoptic Area

The neuroanatomical distribution of sites in the diencephalon and mesencephalon within which a prostaglandin (PG) of the E series elicits hyperthermia was characterized in Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina. In 420 experiments undertaken in 13 animals, 225 loci were examined for their reactivity to PGE1 microinjected in a dose of 30 or 100 ng given in a volume of 1.0–1.5 μL. The regions of the brainstem for injection extended rostrally from the thermosensitive cells of the anterior hypothalamic, preoptic area (AH/POA) to the caudal border of the mesencephalon. Colonic and skin temperatures of the monkeys were measured continuously by thermistor probes. A hyperthermic response of ≥0.5 °C and a latency of ≤45 min was evoked by PGE1 within sites located primarily in the AH/POA. When PGE1 was microinjected at loci located caudal to the AH/POA, the elevation in body temperature (Tb) not only was less intense but rose at a slower rate. A higher concentration of PGE1 in these caudal regions was required to induce hyperthermia comparable with that elicited at loci within the AH/POA. In a second series of experiments either 1.0–5.0 μg 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) or a concentration of 108 organisms/mL of Escherichia coli was microinjected at PGE1-reactive sites. A close anatomical concordance within the AH/POA of the animal was found in terms of the temporal characteristics and magnitude of the hyperthermia evoked by the indoleamine or lipopolysaccharide. The present results coincide with the reported neuroanatomical distribution of sites in the diencephalon and mesencephalon of other species in which PGE1 causes hyperthermia. Furthermore, these findings support the concept that the local neuronal mechanism of action of a pyrogen in the brainstem of the primate may involve phasic changes in the endogenous activity of both the serotonergic pathway and cyclo-oxygenase system in the AH/POA. In turn, their commonality of action suggests a functional similarity in their effect of shifting the set point for Tb.Key words: prostaglandin E1, hyperthermia, serotonin, Escherichia coli, anterior hypothalamus, thermoregulation, bacterial pyrogen, preoptic area, neuroanatomical localization, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca mulatta.

scholarly journals Preoptic Area Modulation of Arousal in Natural and Drug Induced Unconscious States

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Reitz ◽  
Max B. Kelz
Keyword(s):  
Preoptic Area ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Arousal State ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Hypothalamic Preoptic Area

The role of the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) in arousal state regulation has been studied since Constantin von Economo first recognized its importance in the early twentieth century. Over the intervening decades, the POA has been shown to modulate arousal in both natural (sleep and wake) as well as drug-induced (anesthetic-induced unconsciousness) states. While the POA is well known for its role in sleep promotion, populations of wake-promoting neurons within the region have also been identified. However, the complexity and molecular heterogeneity of the POA has made distinguishing these two populations difficult. Though multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that general anesthetics modulate the activity of the POA, the region’s heterogeneity has also made it challenging to determine whether the same neurons involved in sleep/wake regulation also modulate arousal in response to general anesthetics. While a number of studies show that sleep-promoting POA neurons are activated by various anesthetics, recent work suggests this is not universal to all arousal-regulating POA neurons. Technical innovations are making it increasingly possible to classify and distinguish the molecular identities of neurons involved in sleep/wake regulation as well as anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Here, we review the current understanding of the POA’s role in arousal state regulation of both natural and drug-induced forms of unconsciousness, including its molecular organization and connectivity to other known sleep and wake promoting regions. Further insights into the molecular identities and connectivity of arousal-regulating POA neurons will be critical in fully understanding how this complex region regulates arousal states.

scholarly journals Downregulation of GPR83 in the hypothalamic preoptic area reduces core body temperature and elevates circulating levels of adiponectin

Metabolism ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1486-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dubins ◽  
Manuel Sanchez-Alavez ◽  
Victor Zhukov ◽  
Alejandro Sanchez-Gonzalez ◽  
Gianluca Moroncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Hypothalamic Preoptic Area ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Circulating Levels

Behavioral thermoregulation in response to local cooling of the rat brain

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Satinoff
Keyword(s):  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Brain Cooling ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Behavioral Motivation ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Hypothalamic Preoptic Area ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Local cooling of the anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area in rats, at environmental temperatures of 5 and 24 C, caused their rectal temperatures to increase as much as 3.1 C, as well as vigorous shivering. When the animals were allowed to press a bar to turn on a heat lamp directly overhead, they pressed more at both ambient temperatures when their brains were cooled than when they were not, although they worked harder in the cold. They shivered continuously during brain cooling at either temperature. The behavioral and physiological temperature regulations appeared to be complementary, since the same temperature levels were reached whether or not heat could be obtained voluntarily. Central cooling produced, in addition to the usual reflex mechanisms of increased body temperature and shivering, the behavioral motivation for heat.

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