‘Chloride-cell’ — like mitochondria-rich cells of salamander larva gill epithelium

1984 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 956-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lewinson ◽  
M. Rosenberg ◽  
M. R. Warburg
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Salamander Larva

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGY STUDIES OF SELECTED ORGANS OF Hemichromis fasciatus INHABITING IGUN GOLD MINING AND OPA RESERVOIRS, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
O. E. Obayemi ◽  
O. O. Komolafe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
High Level

This study examined the histopathological alterations in the gills, fillet and liver of Hemichromis fasciatus in Igun reservoir (located in an abandoned goldmine area) compared to those of Opa reservoir. Life fish species were collected from Opa and Igun reservoirs and identified in the laboratory. Techniques based on histological analyses were done on the organs and photomicrographs taken using digital binocular compound LED microscope. Epithelial lifting and hypertrophy of lamellae were observed in the gills of H. fasciatus in Opa reservoir and compared to rupture of gill epithelium, rupture of chloride cell, fusion, hyperplasia, curling of lamellae in H. fasciatus of Igun reservoir. The fillet of H. fasciatusin Opa and Igun reservoirs revealed splitting and atrophy of muscle bundles. Also, parasite cyst and necrosis were observed in the fillet of H. fasciatus of Igun reservoir compared to degeneration in muscle bundles in the fish of Opa reservoir. Similarly, the liver of H. fasciatus in Igun and Opa reservoirs showed splitting at the wall of central vein, hepatopancreas and liver cells degeneration. Moreover, nucleus hypertrophy was also identified in the liver of H. fasciatus in Opa reservoir compared to vascular congestion in the central vein, bile duct, portal vein and portal artery of H. fasciatus in Igun reservoir. The study therefore concluded that H. fasciatus specimens in Igun reservoir were histopathologically unhealthy as compared with those of Opa reservoir probably due to the high level of pollution resulting in bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Igun reservoir samples. Obayemi, O. E | Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Isolation of viable cell types from the gill epithelium of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. R363-R372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris K. C. Wong ◽  
D. K. O. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Pavement Cell ◽  
Pavement Cells

High-purity viable cells with low mitochondria (pavement cells) and mitochondria-rich content (chloride cells) were successfully isolated from the gill epithelium of Japanese eels, using three-step Percoll gradient low-speed centrifugation. Cytochemistry (silver staining for chloride, rhodamine-123, and Mitotracker for mitochondria and actin/spectrin immunofluorescence) and scanning electron microscope images were used to identify the cell types in the gill epithelium of the eel. Pavement cells were isolated at 97 and 98% purity for freshwater- and seawater-adapted eels, respectively, and chloride cells were obtained at 89 and 92% purity. The enzymatic activities of the isolated cells were determined. Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and succinate dehydrogenase were found mainly in the chloride cell. Alkaline Ca2+-ATPase and low- and high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase were about twice as high in the chloride cell compared with the pavement cell. Transfer of eels to seawater resulted in enlargement of chloride cell sizes and significant increases in Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities, while all Ca2+-ATPases declined by ∼60–80%. This is the first report demonstrating the successful isolation of freshwater chloride cells and also an exclusive method of getting high-purity seawater chloride cells. The isolated cells are viable and suitable for further cytological and molecular studies to elucidate the mechanisms of ionic transport.

Polysaccharidic material in chloride cell of teleostean gill: modifications according to salinity

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. R213-R218
Author(s):  
M. Pisam ◽  
C. Sardet ◽  
J. Maetz
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cell Coat ◽  
Hydromineral Regulation

The gill epithelium is known to be implicated in the hydromineral regulation of teleosts, especially owing to its “chloride cells.” We have examined the polysaccharides of chloride cells from euryhaline teleosts adapted to fresh- or saltwater. The use of periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine, colloidal thorium, or radioautography after incorporation of [3H]glucosamine has shown that chloride cells are characterized by a high concentration of polysaccharides in their apical region (at the level of the vesiculotubular system) and by a special polysaccharidic cell coat. The polysaccharide molecules originate from the Golgi area; by 12 h they accumulate within the vesiculotubular system and are released in the apical cavity of the cell within 24 h. In fresh- and saltwater-adapted fish, the localization of polysaccharidic material in chloride cells is basically the same. However, in saltwater-adapted fish, the amount and turnover of the polysaccharide molecules are clearly increased.

Copper impair autophagy on zebrafish (Danio rerio) gill epithelium

2021 ◽  
pp. 103674
Author(s):  
A. Luzio ◽  
S. Parra ◽  
B. Costa ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
A.R. Álvaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Gill Epithelium

scholarly journals The surface epithelium of teleostean fish gills. Cellular and junctional adaptations of the chloride cell in relation to salt adaptation.

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sardet ◽  
M Pisam ◽  
J Maetz
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Salt Adaptation ◽  
Resistance Pathway ◽  
Shallow Junctions ◽  
Respiratory Cells

Various species of teleostean fishes were adapted to fresh or salt water and their gill surface epithelium was examined using several techniques of electron microscopy. In both fresh and salt water the branchial epithelium is mostly covered by flat respiratory cells. They are characterized by unusual outer membrane fracture faces containing intramembranous particles and pits in various stages of ordered aggregation. Freeze fracture studies showed that the tight junctions between respiratory cells are made of several interconnecting strands, probably representing high resistance junctions. The organization of intramembranous elements and the morphological characteristics of the junctions do not vary in relation to the external salinity. Towards the base of the secondary gill lamellae, the layer of respiratory cells is interrupted by mitochondria-rich cells ("chloride cells"), also linked to respiratory cells by multistranded junctions. There is a fundamental reorganization of the chloride cells associated with salt water adaptation. In salt water young adjacent chloride cells send interdigitations into preexisting chloride cells. The apex of the seawater chloride cell is therefore part of a mosaic of sister cells linked to surrounding respiratory cells by multistranded junctions. The chloride cells are linked to each other by shallow junctions made of only one strand and permeable to lanthanum. It is therefore suggested that salt water adaptation triggers a cellular reorganization of the epithelium in such a way that leaky junctions (a low resistance pathway) appear at the apex of the chloride cells. Chloride cells are characterized by an extensive tubular reticulum which is an extension of the basolateral plasma membrane. It is made of repeating units and is the site of numerous ion pumps. The presence of shallow junctions in sea water-adapted fish makes it possible for the reticulum to contact the external milieu. In contrast in the freshwater-adapted fish the chloride cell's tubular reticulum is separated by deep apical junctions from the external environment. Based on these observations we discuss how solutes could transfer across the epithelium.

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