Lanthanides and amphibian epithelia: Block of the hormone-induced stimulation of sodium and water transport

1975 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marguerat ◽  
R. C. de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Amphibian Epithelia ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of Intestinal Sodium and Water Transport in Vivo by Angiotensin II and Analogs*

Endocrinology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1946-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL R. LEVEN ◽  
MICHAEL J. PEACH ◽  
ROBERT M. CAREYS ◽  
JUDITH A. POAT ◽  
KENNETH A. MUNDAY
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Stimulation Of

Effects of cerebral TRH on intestinal water transport: role of vagal, muscarinic, and VIP pathways

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. G138-G143 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Lenz ◽  
T. A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Intestinal Secretion ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Water Secretion ◽  
Cns Effects ◽  
Awake Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a central nervous system (CNS) transmitter that stimulates various gastrointestinal secretory and motor processes by increasing vagal outflow. In this study, the CNS effects of TRH on ileal and jejunal water transport were examined in awake rats and dogs, respectively. Cerebral but not intravenous TRH (0.1-5.0 nmol/kg) significantly (P < 0.01) reversed net water absorption from approximately 30 microliters.cm-1.h-1 in rats and 300 microliters.cm-1.h-1 in dogs toward net water secretion of 60 and 600 microliters.cm-1.h-1, respectively. Truncal vagotomy and ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine completely abolished this stimulatory effect of cerebral TRH, whereas adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, noradrenergic and opiate blockade, and inhibition of prostaglandin and nitric oxide synthesis did not. Atropine methylnitrate significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the stimulatory response produced by TRH by approximately 30%. Intravenous infusion of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, [4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17]VIP (0.05-5.0 mumol.kg-1.h-1), significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited the stimulatory response of TRH by approximately 60%. Pretreatment of the animals with both atropine and the VIP antagonist completely abolished ileal and jejunal water secretion stimulated by cerebral TRH. These results indicate that 1) TRH acts within the CNS to stimulate net ileal and jejunal water secretion in rats and dogs, respectively; 2) these actions are mediated by vagal pathways; and 3) stimulation of intestinal secretion by cerebral TRH is primarily mediated by a VIP-sensitive mechanism and, in part, by a muscarinic mechanism.

Stimulation of the Water Transport in the Jejunum of the Rat by Ethyl Acetate

1971 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Csaky ◽  
G. Esposito ◽  
A. Faelli ◽  
V. Capraro
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Stimulation Of

Guanylin and Uroguanylin: Intestinal Peptide Hormones That Regulate Epithelial Transport

Physiology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Forte ◽  
FK Hamra
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
Membrane Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Water Homeostasis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Transport Intestinal

Guanylin and uroguanylin are peptides that activate a membrane guanylate cyclase and control salt and water transport. Intestinal bacteria secrete toxins that mimic the actions of these peptides, causing a secretory form of diarrhea. Stimulation of guanylin/uroguanylin receptors in the kidney increases salt excretion. Thus guanylin and uroguanylin may regulate salt and water homeostasis.

Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
E. A. Elfont ◽  
R. B. Tobin ◽  
D. G. Colton ◽  
M. A. Mehlman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

Gap junctions in the prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
Ji-da Dai ◽  
M. Joseph Costello ◽  
Lawrence I. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Prothoracic Glands ◽  
Polyhydroxylated Steroids ◽  
Stimulation Of

Insect molting and metamorphosis are elicited by a class of polyhydroxylated steroids, ecdysteroids, that originate in the prothoracic glands (PGs). Prothoracicotropic hormone stimulation of steroidogenesis by the PGs at the cellular level involves both calcium and cAMP. Cell-to-cell communication mediated by gap junctions may play a key role in regulating signal transduction by controlling the transmission of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells. This is the first report of gap junctions in the PGs, the evidence obtained by means of SEM, thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas.

Activator protein-1 is necessary for angiotensin-II stimulation of human adrenocorticotropin receptor gene transcription

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. 1802-1810
Author(s):  
Danielle Naville ◽  
Estelle Bordet ◽  
Marie-Claude Berthelon ◽  
Philippe Durand ◽  
Martine Begeot
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Activator Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of
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