Effect of root-exudates of Neem and Persian lilac on plant parasitic nematodes

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Siddiqui ◽  
M. M. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Persian Lilac ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals Plants Specifically Modulate the Microbiome of Root-Lesion Nematodes in the Rhizosphere, Affecting Their Fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elhady ◽  
Olivera Topalović ◽  
Holger Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major constraint on agricultural production. They significantly impede crop yield. To complete their parasitism, they need to locate, disguise, and interact with plant signals exuded in the rhizosphere of the host plant. A specific subset of the soil microbiome can attach to the surface of nematodes in a specific manner. We hypothesized that host plants recruit species of microbes as helpers against attacking nematode species, and that these helpers differ among plant species. We investigated to what extend the attached microbial species are determined by plant species, their root exudates, and how these microbes affect nematodes. We conditioned the soil microbiome in the rhizosphere of different plant species, then employed culture-independent and culture-dependent methods to study microbial attachment to the cuticle of the phytonematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Community fingerprints of nematode-attached fungi and bacteria showed that the plant species govern the microbiome associated with the nematode cuticle. Bacteria isolated from the cuticle belonged to Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Firmicutes. The isolates Microbacterium sp. i.14, Lysobacter capsici i.17, and Alcaligenes sp. i.37 showed the highest attachment rates to the cuticle. The isolates Bacillus cereus i.24 and L. capsici i.17 significantly antagonized P. penetrans after attachment. Significantly more bacteria attached to P. penetrans in microbiome suspensions from bulk soil or oat rhizosphere compared to Ethiopian mustard rhizosphere. However, the latter caused a better suppression of the nematode. Conditioning the cuticle of P. penetrans with root exudates significantly decreased the number of Microbacterium sp. i.14 attaching to the cuticle, suggesting induced changes of the cuticle structure. These findings will lead to a more knowledge-driven exploitation of microbial antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes for plant protection.

scholarly journals Validation of the Chemotaxis of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Toward Host Root Exudates

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenshan Liu ◽  
Alexis L. Jones ◽  
Heather N. Gosse ◽  
Kathy S. Lawrence ◽  
Sang-Wook Park
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) genes modulate plant root exudate composition and the attraction of plant parasitic nematodes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Dyer ◽  
Ryan T Weir ◽  
Deborah Cox ◽  
Xavier Cheseto ◽  
Baldwyn Torto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Plant Root Exudate ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant root exudates are compositionally diverse, plastic and adaptive. Ethylene signalling influences the attraction of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs), presumably through the modulation of root exudate composition. Understanding this pathway could lead to new sources of crop parasite resistance. Here we have used Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) to knockdown the expression of two ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) genes, ERF-E2 and ERF-E3 in tomato. Root exudates are significantly more attractive to the PPNs Meloidogyne incognita, and Globodera pallida following knockdown of ERF-E2, which has no impact on the attraction of Meloidogyne javanica. Knockdown of ERF-E3 has no impact on the attraction of Meloidogyne or Globodera spp. GC-MS analysis revealed substantial changes in root exudate composition relative to controls. However, these changes do not alter the attraction of rhizosphere microbes Bacillus subtilis or Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This study further supports the potential of engineering plant root exudate for parasite control, through the modulation of plant genes.

scholarly journals Belowground Chemical Interactions: An Insight Into Host-Specific Behavior of Globodera spp. Hatched in Root Exudates From Potato and Its Wild Relative, Solanum sisymbriifolium

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kud ◽  
Syamkumar Sivasankara Pillai ◽  
Gabriel Raber ◽  
Allan Caplan ◽  
Joseph C. Kuhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium

Understanding belowground chemical interactions between plant roots and plant-parasitic nematodes is immensely important for sustainable crop production and soilborne pest management. Due to metabolic diversity and ever-changing dynamics of root exudate composition, the impact of only certain molecules, such as nematode hatching factors, repellents, and attractants, has been examined in detail. Root exudates are a rich source of biologically active compounds, which plants use to shape their ecological interactions. However, the impact of these compounds on nematode parasitic behavior is poorly understood. In this study, we specifically address this knowledge gap in two cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida, a potato cyst nematode and the newly described species, Globodera ellingtonae. Globodera pallida is a devastating pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide, whereas potato is a host for G. ellingtonae, but its pathogenicity remains to be determined. We compared the behavior of juveniles (J2s) hatched in response to root exudates from a susceptible potato cv. Desirée, a resistant potato cv. Innovator, and an immune trap crop Solanum sisymbriifolium (litchi tomato – a wild potato relative). Root secretions from S. sisymbriifolium greatly reduced the infection rate on a susceptible host for both Globodera spp. Juvenile motility was also significantly influenced in a host-dependent manner. However, reproduction on a susceptible host from juveniles hatched in S. sisymbriifolium root exudates was not affected, nor was the number of encysted eggs from progeny cysts. Transcriptome analysis by using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed the molecular basis of root exudate-mediated modulation of nematode behavior. Differentially expressed genes are grouped into two major categories: genes showing characteristics of effectors and genes involved in stress responses and xenobiotic metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows genome-wide root exudate-specific transcriptional changes in hatched preparasitic juveniles of plant-parasitic nematodes. This research provides a better understanding of the correlation between exudates from different plants and their impact on nematode behavior prior to the root invasion and supports the hypothesis that root exudates play an important role in plant-nematode interactions.

scholarly journals Plants Specifically Modulate the Microbiome of Root-lesion Nematodes in the Rhizosphere, Affecting Their Fitness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elhady ◽  
Olivera Topalović ◽  
Holger Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major constraint for agricultural production. They significantly impede crop yield. To complete their parasitism, they need to locate, disguise, and interact with plant signals exuded in the rhizosphere of the host plant. A specific subset of the soil microbiome can attach to the surface of nematodes in a specific manner. We hypothesized that host plants recruit species of microbes as helpers against attacking nematode species, and that these helpers differ among plant species. We investigated to what extend the attached microbial species are determined by plant species, their root exudates, and how these microbes affect nematodes. We conditioned the soil microbiome in the rhizosphere of different plant species, then employed culture-independent and culture-dependent methods to study the microbial attachment to the cuticle of the phytonematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Community fingerprints of nematode-attached fungi and bacteria showed that the plant species govern the microbiome associated with nematode cuticle. Bacteria isolated from the cuticle belonged to Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Firmicutes. The isolates Microbacterium sp. i.14, Lysobacter capsici i.17, and Alcaligenes sp. i.37 showed the highest attachment rates to the cuticle. The isolates Bacillus cereus i.24 and L. capsici i.17 significantly antagonized P. penetrans after attachment. Significantly more bacteria attached to P. penetrans in microbiome suspensions from bulk soil or oat rhizosphere compared to Ethiopian mustard rhizosphere. However, the latter caused a better suppression of the nematode. Conditioning the cuticle of P. penetrans with root exudates significantly decreased the number of Microbacterium sp. i.14 attaching to the cuticle, suggesting induced changes of the cuticle structure. These findings will lead to a more knowledge-driven exploitation of microbial antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes for plant protection.

Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Florida Cotton Production

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Zane Grabau
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This 8-page fact sheet written by Zane J. Grabau and published in January 2017 by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology explains how to diagnose and manage nematode problems in cotton production.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng015

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