Evaluation of the effectiveness ofBacillus thuringiensis var.entomocidus as a pest control agent to replace chemical pesticides in alfalfa fields in Israel

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Broza ◽  
Baruch Sneh ◽  
Mario Levi
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Ofbacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

scholarly journals Cuticle degrading enzyme production by some isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N Sapna Bai ◽  
OK Remadevi ◽  
TO Sasidharan ◽  
M Balachander ◽  
Priyadarsanan Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Context: Entomopathogenic fungi have been recognized as viable alternate options to chemicals in insect pest control. Unlike other potential biocontrol agents, fungi do not have to be ingested to infect their hosts but invade directly through the cuticle. Entry into the host involves both enzymic degradation of the cuticle barrier and mechanical pressure. Production of a range of cuticle degrading enzymes is an important event in the interaction of entomopathogenic fungi and host. Enzyme secretion is believed to be a key contributor for the virulence of a fungal isolate. Objectives: The potentiality of nine isolates of M. anisopliae were tested to produce to produce three important cuticle degrading enzymes, viz., chitinase, protease and lipase. Materials and Methods: Nine isolates of M. anisopliae were evaluated for chitinase, protease and lipase enzyme production by determining the enzyme index and activities. Results: Chitinase index of these isolates were ranged from 1.5 to 2.2 and chitinolytic activity from 0.525 to 1.560 U/ml. The isolates showed protease index in the range of 1.2 to 3.3 and the activity ranged from 0.020 to 0.114 U/ml. Lipase index ranged from 1.15 to 7.0 and the enzyme activity ranged from 0.153 to 0.500 U/ml. A strong relationship was observed between virulence of the isolates and cuticle degrading enzyme production as increased enzyme production was observed for virulent isolates. Conclusion: In the present study three isolates as (MIS2, MIS7 and MIS13) demonstrated cuticle degrading enzyme (CDE) that indicate higher virulence based on the bioassay conducted earlier by the authors as strongly substantiating the role of CDEs is considered the virulence of Metarhizium isolates. So, these isolates may be as ecofriendly insect-pest control agent in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17648 J. bio-sci. 20: 25-32, 2012

scholarly journals Nosema locustae (Protozoa, Microsporidia), a Biological Agent for Locust and Grasshopper Control

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Michel Lecoq
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen ◽  
Nosema Locustae ◽  
Host Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Orthopteran Species

Effective locust and grasshopper control is crucial as locust invasions have seriously threatened crops and food security since ancient times. However, the preponderance of chemical insecticides, effective and widely used today, is increasingly criticized as a result of their adverse effects on human health and the environment. Alternative biological control methods are being actively sought to replace chemical pesticides. Nosema locustae (Synonyms: Paranosema locustae, Antonospora locustae), a protozoan pathogen of locusts and grasshoppers, was developed as a biological control agent as early as the 1980s. Subsequently, numerous studies have focused on its pathogenicity, host spectrum, mass production, epizootiology, applications, genomics, and molecular biology. Aspects of recent advances in N. locustae show that this entomopathogen plays a special role in locust and grasshopper management because it is safer, has a broad host spectrum of 144 orthopteran species, vertical transmission to offspring through eggs, long persistence in locust and grasshopper populations for more than 10 years, and is well adapted to various types of ecosystems in tropical and temperate regions. However, some limitations still need to be overcome for more efficient locust and grasshopper management in the future.

scholarly journals Konsep dan Implementasi Teknologi Budi Daya Ramah Lingkungan pada Tanaman Tembakau, Serat, dan Minyak Industri Concept and Implementation of Environmentally-Friendly Technologies in Cultivation of Tobacco, Fiber, and Industrial Oil Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
. Nurindah
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Land Conservation ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

<p>Penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan budi daya tanaman pada suatu lahan akan dapat mempertahankan kelestarian lingkungan. Penciptaan teknologi budi daya tanaman tembakau, serat, dan minyak industri di-arahkan pada teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu hasil, efisiensi biaya usaha tani, dan ramah lingkungan. Teknologi ramah lingkungan difokuskan pada penemuan komponen teknologi prapa-nen yang mempunyai dampak minimal terhadap pencemaran atau perusakan lingkungan, yang meliputi va-rietas-varietas unggul, teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit, teknik konservasi lahan tembakau. Varietas-varietas unggul tersebut adalah varietas-varietas yang mempunyai ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit, yaitu tembakau Prancak 95, Prancak N1, Prancak N2, Kemloko 2, dan Grompol Jatim 1; kapas: Kanesia 11–Kanesia 13; kenaf: Karangploso 14–Karangploso 15; wijen: Sumberrejo 4; dan jarak kepyar: Asembagus 81. Teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit yang ramah lingkungan adalah teknologi pengendalian hama yang membatasi atau meniadakan penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetik dan menerapkan teknik pengendalian de-ngan memanfaatkan peran musuh alami serangga hama atau antagonis patogen penyebab penyakit, dan penggunaan pestisida nabati. Teknik konservasi lahan untuk mengendalikan erosi dan penyakit lincat dikem-bangkan pada lahan tembakau temanggung dengan menerapkan penggunaan varietas tahan penyakit, pem-buatan terassering dan penguatnya, pengolahan lahan minimal, dan aplikasi mikroba antagonis. Teknologi ramah lingkungan tersebut telah diterapkan di tingkat petani dan memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap pengembangan komoditas.</p><p>Technology innovations for tobacco, fibers, and industrial-oil crops are directed to increase production and quality of the products, efficiency, and environmentally-friendly technologies. The efficiency and environ-menttally-friendly technologies are focused on the pre-harvest technology innovations that have minimal im-pacts on environmental damages. The technologies include superior varieties, pest control, and land conser-vation. The superior varieties are those that resistant to either insect pests or diseases, i.e. tobacco: Prancak 95, Prancak N1, Prancak N2, Kemloko 2, and Grompol Jatim 1; cotton: Kanesia 11–Kanesia 13; kenaf: Ka-rangploso 14–Karangploso 15; sesame: Sumberrejo 4; and  castor: Asembagus 81.  Environmentally-friendly pest control is to limit or no use synthetic-chemical pesticides in pest control, but optimally make use the role of natural enemies and antagonists and use biopesticides. Land conservation technique to control erosi-on as well as ”lincat’ disease has been developed in fields of temanggung tobacco by using tobacco variety resistant to the disease, terracering, minimum tillage, and application of antagonist microbes. Those techno-logies has been implemented in the farmers’ fields and has a positive impacts for the commodity develop-ment.</p><p> </p>

Evaluation of a contraction flow field on hydrodynamic damage to entomopathogenic nematodes?A biological pest control agent

2004 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane P. Fife ◽  
Richard C. Derksen ◽  
H. Erdal Ozkan ◽  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Jeffrey J. Chalmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Contraction Flow ◽  
Biological Pest Control

VIABILITY OF A BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL AGENT THROUGH HYDRAULIC NOZZLES

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Fife ◽  
H. E. Ozkan ◽  
R. C. Derksen ◽  
P. S. Grewal ◽  
C. R. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Pest Control

Using CFD Methods to Predict Damage of a Biological Pest Control Agent during Passage through a Hydraulic Nozzle

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Patterson Fife ◽  
Richard C. Derksen ◽  
H. Erdal Ozkan ◽  
Parwinder S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Pest Control

scholarly journals Evaluation of cellulose substrates treated with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin as a biological control agent against the termite Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Behzad Habibpour ◽  
Amir Cheraghi ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Mossadegh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cellulose Substrates ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Sustainable Protection ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

This article is the first report on the promising effect of an entomopathogenic fungus, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> (Metschnikoff) Sorokin to control populations of <em>Microcerotermes diversus </em>Silvestri. Biological control is an alternative to the long-term usage of chemical pesticides.<em> M. anisopliae</em>, the causal agent of green muscardine disease of insects, is an important fungus in biological control of insect pests. Bait systems can eliminate entire colonies of subterranean termites. Baiting reduces adverse environmental impacts caused by organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in the control of termites and creates sustainable protection of buildings against their invasion. Treated-sawdust bait was applied by two methods: a) combination of treated sawdust and untreated filter paper, and b) combination of treated sawdust and untreated sawdust. When combinations of treated sawdust and untreated sawdust were used, LC50 and LC90 were 8.4&times;106 and 3.9&times;107 (spore/ml), respectively. With the use of improved bait formula and more virulent strains, we hope to achieve better control of termite colonies and enable pathogens to become a useful element in the Integrated Pest Management system.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Aboveground Natural Enemies of Grasshoppers, and Biodiversity after Application of Paranosema locustae in Rangeland

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Wang-Peng Shi ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Yu-Xing Zhang ◽  
Um-e-Hani Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Arthropod Diversity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Substantial harm to ecosystems from the use of chemical pesticides has led to an increasing interest in the use of biopesticides to control grasshoppers in rangelands, including China. One such potential biopesticide for control of grasshoppers is the fungus Paranosema locustae. In this study, the dynamics of aboveground natural enemies of grasshoppers and arthropod diversity 0–9 years after application of P. locustae were investigated in rangeland in Qinghai Plateau, China. We found that the number of species and of individuals of aboveground natural enemies increased by 17–250% and 40–126%, respectively, after spraying P. locustae, and that the main natural enemies showed three peaks after treatment. The conventional indices of species diversity (H’) and evenness (J’) increased by 11–267% and 13–171%, respectively, after treatment with P. locustae. The results showed the positive effects of P. locustae on aboveground natural enemies and biodiversity in an arthropod community in Chinese rangeland. Paranosema locustae is thought to be a safe biological control agent for grasshopper management in Northwestern China.

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