A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation: Mass contraction of the pelvic floor muscles

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES IN PATIENTS WITH THE PELVIC PROLAPSE

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Fomenko ◽  
Yu. A. Shelygin ◽  
G. V. Poryadin ◽  
A. Yu. Titov ◽  
A. A. Ponomarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Rectal Intussusception ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Obstructive Defecation

The article analyzes the functional state (evacuation functions, continence) and innervation of the pelvic floor muscles in patients with rectocele and combination rectocele with internal rectal intussusception, with complaints of obstructive defecation. AIM. The study of the functional state of the pelvic floor muscles in patients with obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS). MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 224 women with complaints of obstructive defecation, without pelvic floor surgery. On physical examination, all patients were detected signs of rectocele. The average age - 49,9±15,0 years. 52 (23,2%) patients had complaints to the fecal incontinence of various components. Diagnostic algorithm: physical examination defecography, rectal functional study (high resolution manometry (HRAM), evacuation test, comprehensive sphincterometry, pudendal nerve study). RESULTS. Frequency of functional disorders of defecation (FDD) according to objective methods of study among patients with ODS is high and amounts to 64.7%. In this case, there are no differences in the frequency FDD in patients with a combination of rectocele and internal intussusception compared to patients with only rectocele. There were no correlation between the frequency of anal sphincter failure and FDD. We identified some patients with subclinical incontinence, without complaints but with reduced manometric values and anal sphincter contractility. We have proved the absence of correlation between the presence or absence of pelvic floor muscle innervations violations in the form of neuropathy n. pudendus and the presence or absence of FDD. CONCLUSION. FDD can cause unsatisfactory results of surgical treatment of patients with ODS, even after the restoration of the anatomic relationships due to complaints of evacuation violation. ODS diagnostic algorithm should include not only an assessment of evacuationfunction (HRAM and evacuation test), but also sphincterometry, to assess the content function.

EPISIOTOMY : A CHALLENGING OBSTETRIC INTERVENTION

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (145) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
D S Malla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Perineal Tear ◽  
Obstetric Intervention ◽  
Anal Sphincter Damage

ABSTRACTThe professional literatures on the development of widely practiced procedure, episiotomy through theyears from the first publication in 1742 are reviewed. It reveals the change in number of publication as wellas the contributors to the development of perception about episiotomy. So it consisted expression of opinionof doctors initially then the co-workers like nurses and researchers and clients or consumers themselvestoo. It concludes that episiotomies prevent anterior perineal tear but fails to accomplish other benefitstraditionally ascribed to pelvic floor damage and relaxation including its sequel and also protection ofnewboin from intracranial haemorrhage and intrapartum asphyxia. Episiotomy substantially increasematernal blood loss during delivery and risk of anal sphincter damage with their long term morbidity.There is an urgent need to restrict the use of episiotomy in vaginal delivery.Key Words: Episiotomy, Perineal tear, anal sphincter damage.

scholarly journals Episiotomy: the biomechanical impact of multiple small incisions during a normal vaginal delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Oliveira ◽  
Maria Vila Pouca ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Teresa Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Symphysis Pubis ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Levator Trauma ◽  
Reaction Forces

Childbirth-related injuries are one of the main causes of pelvic floor dysfunction. To attempt to avoid serious tears during delivery, an episiotomy can be performed. In this study, we intended to investigate the biomechanical performance of the pelvic floor muscles after performing different episiotomies using a physics-based computational model which includes the pelvic floor muscles and the fetus. Previous biomechanical studies have analysed the mechanical effects of single incisions of different lengths; in this study, we intend to analyse the implications of multiple small incisions, evaluating the reaction forces, the stress on the muscles and the loss of tissue integrity sustained by the pelvic floor. The obtained results predict that an episiotomy delivery reduces the likelihood of macroscopic levator trauma by decreasing the stress on the region of insertion of the rectal area of the levator ani in the symphysis pubis . From the mechanical point of view, multiple incisions do not bring benefits compared to larger incisions. However, nothing can be ascertained about the clinical benefit of such an approach.

scholarly journals Age-associated changes in the mechanical properties of human cadaveric pelvic floor muscles

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 109436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Burnett ◽  
Mark Cook ◽  
Sameer Shah ◽  
Ms. Michelle Wong ◽  
Deborah M. Kado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles

scholarly journals Biofeedback and the electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in pregnant women

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta L. A. Batista ◽  
Maira M. Franco ◽  
Luciane M. V. Naldoni ◽  
Geraldo Duarte ◽  
Anamaria S. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Electromyographic Activity
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