Role of lipids in theNeurospora crassa membrane: III. Lipid composition and phase transition properties of the plasma membrane, and its components

1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Friedman ◽  
David Glick
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition

scholarly journals Regulation of caveolae through cholesterol-depletion dependent tubulation by PACSIN2/Syndapin II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aini Gusmira Amir ◽  
Kazuhiro Takemura ◽  
Kyoko Hanawa-Suetsugu ◽  
Kayoko Oono-Yakura ◽  
Kazuma Yasuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Membrane Deformation ◽  
Bar Domain ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Membrane Tubulation ◽  
Shaping Ability

AbstractThe membrane shaping ability of PACSIN2 via its FCH-BAR (F-BAR) domain has been shown to be essential for caveolar morphogenesis, presumably through the shaping of the caveolar neck. Caveolar membrane contains abundant levels of cholesterol. However, the role of cholesterol in PACSIN2-mediated membrane deformation remains unclear. We show that the binding of PACSIN2 to the membrane could be negatively regulated by the amount of cholesterol in the membrane. We prepared a reconstituted membrane based on the lipid composition of caveolae. The reconstituted membrane with cholesterol had a weaker affinity to the F-BAR domain of PACSIN2 than the membrane without cholesterol, presumably due to a decrease in electrostatic charge density. Consistently, the acute depletion of cholesterol from the plasma membrane resulted in the appearance of PACSIN2-localized tubules with caveolin-1 at their tips, suggesting that the presence of cholesterol inhibited the prominent membrane tubulation by PACSIN2. The tubules induced by PACSIN2 were suggested to be an intermediate of caveolae endocytosis. Consistently, the removal of caveolae from the plasma membrane upon cholesterol depletion was diminished in the cells deficient in PACSIN2. These data suggested that PACSIN2 mediated the caveolae internalization dependently on the amount of cholesterol at the plasma membrane, providing a possible mechanism for the cholesterol-dependent regulation of caveolae.

scholarly journals Effects of ATP9A on Extracellular Vesicle Release and Exosomal Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Limei Xu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Kan Ouyang ◽  
Yin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Vesicle Release ◽  
Endosomal Recycling ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Intercellular Communications

Numerous biological processes are regulated by the intercellular communications arising from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells. However, the mechanisms that regulate the quantity of EV discharged have yet to be understood. While it is known that ATP9A, a P4-ATPase, is involved in endosomal recycling, it is not clear whether it also contributes to the release of EVs and the makeup of exosomal lipids. This study is aimed at exploring the role of human ATP9A in the process of EV release and, further, to analyze the profiles of EV lipids regulated by ATP9A. Our results demonstrate that ATP9A is located in both the intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane. The percentage of ceramides and sphingosine was found to be significantly greater in the control cells than in the ATP9A overexpression and ATP9A knockout groups. However, EV release was greater in ATP9A knockout cells, indicating that ATP9A inhibits the release of EVs. This study revealed the effects of ATP9A on the release of EVs and the lipid composition of exosomes.

scholarly journals The Key Role of Temperature and Lipid Composition in Modulating the Intake of Gold Nanoparticles into the Plasma Membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 572a
Author(s):  
Fabio Lolicato ◽  
Loic Joly ◽  
Hector Martinez-Seara Monne ◽  
Giovanna Fragneto ◽  
Jaakko Akola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition

Caveolae: Structure, Function, and Relationship to Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Parton
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Endocytic Vesicle ◽  
Cellular Functions

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not a simple sheet of lipids and proteins but is differentiated into subdomains with crucial functions. Caveolae, small pits in the plasma membrane, are the most abundant surface subdomains of many mammalian cells. The cellular functions of caveolae have long remained obscure, but a new molecular understanding of caveola formation has led to insights into their workings. Caveolae are formed by the coordinated action of a number of lipid-interacting proteins to produce a microdomain with a specific structure and lipid composition. Caveolae can bud from the plasma membrane to form an endocytic vesicle or can flatten into the membrane to help cells withstand mechanical stress. The role of caveolae as mechanoprotective and signal transduction elements is reviewed in the context of disease conditions associated with caveola dysfunction.

scholarly journals Regulation of caveolae through cholesterol-depletion-dependent tubulation mediated by PACSIN2

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (19) ◽  
pp. jcs246785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aini Gusmira ◽  
Kazuhiro Takemura ◽  
Shin Yong Lee ◽  
Takehiko Inaba ◽  
Kyoko Hanawa-Suetsugu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Membrane Deformation ◽  
Bar Domain ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Membrane Tubulation ◽  
Reconstituted Membranes ◽  
Shaping Ability

ABSTRACTThe membrane-shaping ability of PACSIN2 (also known as syndapin II), which is mediated by its F-BAR domain, has been shown to be essential for caveolar morphogenesis, presumably through the shaping of the caveolar neck. Caveolar membranes contain abundant cholesterol. However, the role of cholesterol in PACSIN2-mediated membrane deformation remains unclear. Here, we show that the binding of PACSIN2 to the membrane can be negatively regulated by cholesterol. We prepared reconstituted membranes based on the lipid composition of caveolae. The reconstituted membrane with cholesterol had a weaker affinity for the F-BAR domain of PACSIN2 than a membrane without cholesterol. Consistent with this, upon depletion of cholesterol from the plasma membrane, PACSIN2 localized at tubules that had caveolin-1 at their tips, suggesting that cholesterol inhibits membrane tubulation mediated by PACSIN2. The tubules induced by PACSIN2 could be representative of an intermediate of caveolae endocytosis. Consistent with this, the removal of caveolae from the plasma membrane upon cholesterol depletion was diminished in the PACSIN2-deficient cells. These data suggest that PACSIN2-mediated caveolae internalization is dependent on the amount of cholesterol, providing a mechanism for cholesterol-dependent regulation of caveolae.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document