Influence of electrical stimulation of locus coeruleus on the rat blood-brain barrier permeability to sodium fluorescein

1994 ◽  
Vol 127 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sarmento ◽  
N. Borges ◽  
D. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Sodium Fluorescein ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Stress does not increase blood–brain barrier permeability in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Roszkowski ◽  
Johannes Bohacek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Sodium Fluorescein ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability

Several studies have reported that exposure to acute psychophysiological stressors can lead to an increase in blood–brain barrier permeability, but these findings remain controversial and disputed. We thoroughly examined this issue by assessing the effect of several well-established paradigms of acute stress and chronic stress on blood–brain barrier permeability in several brain areas of adult mice. Using cerebral extraction ratio for the small molecule tracer sodium fluorescein (NaF, 376 Da) as a sensitive measure of blood–brain barrier permeability, we find that neither acute swim nor restraint stress lead to increased cerebral extraction ratio. Daily 6-h restraint stress for 21 days, a model for the severe detrimental impact of chronic stress on brain function, also does not alter cerebral extraction ratio. In contrast, we find that cold forced swim and cold restraint stress both lead to a transient, pronounced decrease of cerebral extraction ratio in hippocampus and cortex, suggesting that body temperature can be an important confounding factor in studies of blood–brain barrier permeability. To additionally assess if stress could change blood–brain barrier permeability for macromolecules, we measured cerebral extraction ratio for fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (70 kDa). We find that neither acute restraint nor cold swim stress affected blood–brain barrier permeability for macromolecules, thus corroborating our findings that various stressors do not increase blood–brain barrier permeability.

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