Electromagnetic energy and momentum from a charged particle

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Marx
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Energy And Momentum

scholarly journals Northern preference for terrestrial electromagnetic energy input from space weather

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Pakhotin ◽  
I. R. Mann ◽  
K. Xie ◽  
J. K. Burchill ◽  
D. J. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Poynting Flux ◽  
Auroral Emissions ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Swarm Satellite ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

AbstractTerrestrial space weather involves the transfer of energy and momentum from the solar wind into geospace. Despite recently discovered seasonal asymmetries between auroral forms and the intensity of emissions between northern and southern hemispheres, seasonally averaged energy input into the ionosphere is still generally considered to be symmetric. Here we show, using Swarm satellite data, a preference for electromagnetic energy input at 450 km altitude into the northern hemisphere, on both the dayside and the nightside, when averaged over season. We propose that this is explained by the offset of the magnetic dipole away from Earth’s center. This introduces a larger separation between the magnetic pole and rotation axis in the south, creating different relative solar illumination of northern and southern auroral zones, resulting in changes to the strength of reflection of incident Alfvén waves from the ionosphere. Our study reveals an important asymmetry in seasonally averaged electromagnetic energy input to the atmosphere. Based on observed lower Poynting flux on the nightside this asymmetry may also exist for auroral emissions. Similar offsets may drive asymmetric energy input, and potentially aurora, on other planets.

Propagation of electromagnetic energy and momentum through an absorbing dielectric

1997 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1071-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Loudon ◽  
L. Allen ◽  
D. F. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Energy And Momentum

Fields—Maxwell’s Equations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Manton ◽  
Nicholas Mee
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Maxwell’S Equations ◽  
Maxwell's Equations ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Vector Calculus ◽  
Klein Gordon ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Scalar Potentials

Chapter 3 explores the concept of the field, which is necessary to describe forces without resorting to action at a distance, and uses it to describe electromagnetism, as encapsulated by the Maxwell equations. First, scalar fields and the Klein–Gordon equation are discussed. Vector calculus is introduced. The physical meaning of Maxwell’s equations is explained. The equations are then solved for electrostatic fields. Non-uniform charge distributions and dipole moments are discussed. The vector and scalar potentials are introduced. Electromagnetic wave solutions of Maxwell’s equations are found and the Hertz experiment is described. Magnetostatics is discussed briefly. The Lorentz force is described and used to determine the motion of a charged particle in a cyclotron or synchrotron. The action principle for electromagnetism is described. The energy and momentum carried by the electromagnetic field are calculated. The reaction of a charged particle to its own electromagnetic field is considered.

The electromagnetic energy and the gravitational mass of a charged particle in general relativity

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros S. Florides
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Test Particle ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Neutral Test

ABSTRACTThe electromagnetic energy & of the field of a charged particle is calculated, using Møller's theory summarized in the previous paper. The contribution of & to the gravitational mass of the charged particle is discussed, by studying the behaviour of a neutral test particle in its field. The conclusion is that & gives rise to an ‘effective’ gravitational mass of the charged particle, which is equal to the (Newtonian) gravitational mass of the charged particle, plus the mass-equivalence of &. This is contrary to the currently accepted theory, that what we have called the ‘effective’ gravitational mass is equal to the ‘Newtonian’ gravitational mass of the charged particle.

EFFECTIVE MASS OF A RADIATING CHARGED PARTICLE IN EINSTEIN'S UNIVERSE

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIAS C. VAGENAS
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Flat Background ◽  
Black Hole Background ◽  
Momentum Distributions ◽  
The One ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Momentum Complex

The effective gravitational mass as well as the energy and momentum distributions of a radiating charged particle in Einstein's universe are evaluated. The Møller's energy–momentum complex is employed for this computation. The spacetime under study is a generalization of Bonnor and Vaidya spacetime in the sense that the metric is described in the cosmological background of Einstein's universe in lieu of the flat background. Several spacetimes are limiting cases of the one considered here. In particular for the Reissner–Nordström black hole background, our results are exactly the same as those derived by Cohen and Gautreau using Whittaker's theorem and by Cohen and de Felice using Komar's mass. Furthermore, the power output for the spacetime under consideration is obtained.

Cyclotron resonance in an inhomogeneous plasma

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Inhomogeneous Plasma ◽  
Phase Speed ◽  
Hamiltonian Form ◽  
Energy And Momentum

The motion of a charged particle in a transverse wave of varying amplitude, wavelength and phase speed βp, propagating along a uniform magnetic field, together with a longitudinal electric field, is investigated. The equations of motion, in Hamiltonian form, are reduced to a system with two degrees of freedom in which integrable cases appear naturally. It is shown that particles may be locked in resonance with the wave, and expressions are found for the energy and momentum of such particles in terms of βp.

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