Abundance and distribution of black band disease on coral reefs in the northern Florida keys

Coral Reefs ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Kuta ◽  
L. L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Ecological Significance of the Cyanobacterial Genera Geitlerinema and Leptolyngbya in Black Band Disease of Corals

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (16) ◽  
pp. 5173-5182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Myers ◽  
Raju Sekar ◽  
Laurie L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Black Band

ABSTRACTBlack band disease (BBD) is a pathogenic, sulfide-rich microbial mat dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria that infect corals worldwide. We isolated cyanobacteria from BBD into culture, confirmed their presence in the BBD community by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and demonstrated their ecological significance in terms of physiological sulfide tolerance and photosynthesis-versus-irradiance values. Twenty-nine BBD samples were collected from nine host coral species, four of which have not previously been investigated, from reefs of the Florida Keys, the Bahamas, St. Croix, and the Philippines. From these samples, seven cyanobacteria were isolated into culture. Cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene using universal primers indicated that four isolates were related to the genusGeitlerinemaand three to the genusLeptolyngbya. DGGE results, obtained usingCyanobacteria-specific 16S rRNA primers, revealed that the most common BBD cyanobacterial sequence, detected in 26 BBD field samples, was related to that of anOscillatoriasp. The next most common sequence, 99% similar to that of theGeitlerinemaBBD isolate, was present in three samples. OneLeptolyngbya- and onePhormidium-related sequence were also found. Laboratory experiments using isolates of BBDGeitlerinemaandLeptolyngbyarevealed that they could carry out sulfide-resistant oxygenic photosynthesis, a relatively rare characteristic among cyanobacteria, and that they are adapted to the sulfide-rich, low-light BBD environment. The presence of the cyanotoxin microcystin in these cultures and in BBD suggests a role in BBD pathogenicity. Our results confirm the presence ofGeitlerinemain the BBD microbial community and its ecological significance, which have been challenged, and provide evidence of a second ecologically significant BBD cyanobacterium,Leptolyngbya.

scholarly journals Farming behaviour of reef fishes increases the prevalence of coral disease associated microbes and black band disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1788) ◽  
pp. 20141032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Casey ◽  
Tracy D. Ainsworth ◽  
J. Howard Choat ◽  
Sean R. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Coral Health

Microbial community structure on coral reefs is strongly influenced by coral–algae interactions; however, the extent to which this influence is mediated by fishes is unknown. By excluding fleshy macroalgae, cultivating palatable filamentous algae and engaging in frequent aggression to protect resources, territorial damselfish (f. Pomacentridae), such as Stegastes , mediate macro-benthic dynamics on coral reefs and may significantly influence microbial communities. To elucidate how Stegastes apicalis and Stegastes nigricans may alter benthic microbial assemblages and coral health, we determined the benthic community composition (epilithic algal matrix and prokaryotes) and coral disease prevalence inside and outside of damselfish territories in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed distinct bacterial communities associated with turf algae and a two to three times greater relative abundance of phylotypes with high sequence similarity to potential coral pathogens inside Stegastes 's territories. These potentially pathogenic phylotypes (totalling 30.04% of the community) were found to have high sequence similarity to those amplified from black band disease (BBD) and disease affected corals worldwide. Disease surveys further revealed a significantly higher occurrence of BBD inside S. nigricans 's territories. These findings demonstrate the first link between fish behaviour, reservoirs of potential coral disease pathogens and the prevalence of coral disease.

scholarly journals Characterisation of an atypical manifestation of black band disease onPorites luteain the Western Indian Ocean

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Séré ◽  
David A. Wilkinson ◽  
Michael H. Schleyer ◽  
Pascale Chabanet ◽  
Jean-Pascal Quod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Porites Lutea ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Bacterial Aggregates ◽  
High Level ◽  
Atypical Manifestation

Recent surveys conducted on Reunion Island coral reefs revealed an atypical manifestation of black band disease on the main framework building coral, Porites lutea. This BBD manifestation (PorBBD) presented a thick lighter-colored band, which preceded the typical BBD lesion. Whilst BBD aetiology has been intensively described worldwide, it remains unclear if corals with apparently similar lesions across coral reefs are affected by the same pathogens. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving field surveys, gross lesion monitoring, histopathology and 454-pyrosequencing was employed to provide the first comprehensive characterization of this particular manifestation. Surveys conducted within two geomorphological zones over two consecutive summers and winters showed spatial and seasonal patterns consistent with those found for typical BBD. Genetic analyses suggested an uncharacteristically high level of Vibrio spp. bacterial infection within PorBBD. However, microscopic analysis revealed high densities of cyanobacteria, penetrating the compromised tissue as well as the presence of basophilic bodies resembling bacterial aggregates in the living tissue, adjacent to the bacterial mat. Additionally, classical BBD-associated cyanobacterial strains, genetically related to Pseudoscillatoria coralii and Roseofilum reptotaenium were identified and isolated and the presence of sulfate-reducers or sulfide-oxidizers such as Desulfovibrio and Arcobacter, previously shown to be associated with anoxic microenvironment within typical BBD was also observed, confirming that PorBBD is a manifestation of classical BBD.

scholarly journals PUNCAK PREVALENSI PENYAKIT KARANG JENIS SABUK HITAM (BLACK BAND DISEASE) DI KEPULAUAN SERIBU, JAKARTA

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Anang Hari Kristanto ◽  
Joni Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Black Band

Keberadaan penyakit karang akan menyebabkan kerusakan komunitas dan populasi karang di Indonesia, sementara informasi prevalensi penyakit tersebut masih sedikit terpublikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi penyakit karang jenis sabuk hitam di Kepulauan Seribu pada enam lokasi di bagian tubir dan 10 lokasi di bagian lereng terumbu yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2011. Metode transek sabuk digunakan untuk mendapatkan prevalensi penyakit karang dengan ukuran 1 m ke kiri dan 1 m ke kanan dari garis transek, panjang transek 20 m dan dilakukan tiga ulangan pada setiap lokasi, sehingga total luasan yang teramati adalah 120 m2. Hasil penelitian di bagian tubir berhasil mengamati jumlah koloni sebanyak 4.517, lebih tinggi dibandingkan di lereng terumbu yaitu sebanyak 3.418 koloni. Karang yang dominan ditemukan di lereng terumbu adalah Montipora sp., Acropora sp., dan Porites sp., dengan jumlah koloni berturut-turut yaitu 2.417 koloni, 1.131 koloni, dan 299 koloni, sementara pada lereng terumbu didominasi oleh karang Porites sp., Fungia sp., dan Acropora sp. dengan jumlah koloni berturut-turut yaitu 867 koloni, 596 koloni, dan 496 koloni. Prevalensi penyakit sabuk hitam pada tubir lebih tinggi (12,53%) dibandingkan dengan di lereng terumbu (0,05%), demikian juga dengan faktor penganggu kesehatan karang lebih tinggi di tubir (3,25%) dibandingkan dengan di lereng terumbu (2,68%). Data prevalensi pada penelitian ini merupakan puncak prevalensi (outbreak) dibandingkan dengan data lain yang dilakukan pengamatan selama satu tahun. Prevalensi penyakit sabuk hitam sangat dipengaruhi oleh adanya peningkatan suhu dan intensitas cahaya, sehingga prevalensi di perairan dangkal (tubir) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di lereng terumbu.

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