scholarly journals Possible role of endotoxin in mediating host resistance

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (14) ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
Daniela N. Männel
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance

Role of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase and Polyphenol Oxidase in Host Resistance to Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyanadrahalli Chandrashekaraiah Vanitha ◽  
Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana ◽  
Sharanaiah Umesha
Keyword(s):  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase

scholarly journals Activation of the complement system by pathogenic fungi.

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Kozel
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complement Cascade ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
The Complement System

Fungi have been studied as prototype activators of the complement cascade since the early 1900s. More recently, attention has focused on the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of fungal infections. The interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans with the complement system are the most widely characterized; however, all pathogenic fungi examined to date have the ability to initiate the complement cascade. The molecular mechanisms for initiation and regulation of the complement cascade differ from one fungus to another, most likely reflecting differences in the structure of the outer layers of the cell wall. The molecular bases for such differences remain to be identified. Studies of mycoses in experimental animals with induced or congenital deficiencies in the complement system demonstrate that complement is an important innate system for control of fungal infection. Contributions to host resistance include opsonization and generation of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation induced by chemotactic products of the complement system may contribute to the pathogenesis of some fungal infections.

Role of strain differences on host resistance and the transcriptional response of macrophages to infection withYersinia enterocolitica

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin van Erp ◽  
Kristina Dach ◽  
Isabel Koch ◽  
Jürgen Heesemann ◽  
Reinhard Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Yersinia Infection ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Impact

The outcome of a host-pathogen encounter is determined by virulence factors of the pathogen and defense factors of the host. We characterized the impact of host factors [resistant (C57BL/6) or susceptible (BALB/c) genetic background and exposure to interferon (IFN)-γ] on transcriptional responses of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) to infection with Yersinia enterocolitica. IFN-γ treatment more profoundly altered the transcriptome of BMDM than did bacterial infection or genetic background. In BALB/c BMDM, 1,161 genes were differentially expressed in response to Yersinia infection with or without IFN-γ prestimulation. Fourteen genes (1.2%) could only be induced by BALB/c BMDM in response to Yersinia infection after IFN-γ pretreatment. These genes inhibit apoptosis, activate NF-κB and Erk signaling, are chemotactic to neutrophils, and are involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, hence possibly in phagocytosis. Ten of these genes possess a common module of binding sites for Hox, Pou, and Creb transcription factors in 2 kb of upstream genomic sequence, suggesting a possible novel role of these transcription factors in regulation of immune responses. Fifty-two of one thousand fifty differentially expressed genes (4.9%) were induced more strongly by C57BL/6 BMDM in response to Yersinia infection than BALB/c BMDM. These genes activate NK cells, have antibacterial properties, or are involved in sensing chemokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These data show that host resistance factors modulate a surprisingly small, but identifiable and functionally significant, portion of the macrophage transcriptome in response to Yersinia infection.

The effect of nutrition on the periparturient parasite status of mature ewes

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donaldson ◽  
M. F. J. van Houtert ◽  
A. R. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Protein Supply

AbstractThe rôle of nutrition in the periparturient breakdown of resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in mature ewes was investigated. Host resistance around this period, as measured by faecal egg concentration and worm burden, was sensitive to protein supply and to a lesser extent energy supply and body condition. Resistance was significantly less in ewes bearing and suckling twin lambs than those with singles. Differences in larval intakes spanning the range likely to be experienced in practice did not appear to be important. In dual infection with Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, the breakdown of resistance occurred almost exclusively with T. circumcincta confirming previous evidence of parasite species specificity in the periparturient breakdown of resistance.

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