Inspiratory work imposed by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines: the effect of CPAP level and endotracheal tube size

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Moran ◽  
S. Homan ◽  
M. O'Fathartaigh ◽  
M. Jackson ◽  
P. Leppard
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Tube Size ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size ◽  
Inspiratory Work

Modification of Umbilical Plastic Clamp To Secure Nasopharyngeal Prongs Used To Administer CPAP

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Bedford W. Bonta ◽  
Joseph B. Warshaw
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes

Since the introduction of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via endotracheal tube by Gregory et al.1 in 1971, several alternate methods of delivering CPAP without the need for endotracheal intubation have been suggested, including the use of nasopharyngeal prongs.2 A major peoblem, however, in delivering CPAP either by endotracheal tube or by nasal prongs has been that of securing the endotracheal tube (or prongs) in place. Recently, Cussel et al.3 have suggested the use of a Hollister plastic clamp adapted for this use. We have used this method successfully for securing endotracheal tubes in place and recently have modified the clamp to secure nasal prongs used to deliver "benign" CPAP without the need for endotracheal intubation in selected patients.

Face Masks Defended

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-623
Author(s):  
Robert M. Shuman ◽  
Thomas K. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure

Pediatricians caring for the newborn are particularly aware of unexpected deleterious outcomes of well-intentioned therapy. Oxygen, chloramphenicol, sulfadiazine, and continuous positive airway pressure are examples. Elsewhere in this issue Pape et al.1 suggest that intermittent positive-pressure ventilation provided by a tight-fitting face mask in low-birthweight infants is yet another example. They observed a 30% incidence of significant intracerebellar hemorrhages in infants so treated (groups A and D). Such hemorrhages were seen in 10% of babies who were ventilated by an endotracheal tube rather than by mask (groups B and C), and were not seen in their 13 nonventilated babies (group E).

Superimposed inspiratory work of the Siemens Servo 300 ventilator during continuous positive airway pressure

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1023-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. S. Tan ◽  
S. B. Bhatt ◽  
Y. H. Tam ◽  
T. A. Buckley ◽  
T. E. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Inspiratory Work

On the Use of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-768
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Harris ◽  
Richard C. Stevens ◽  
Michael Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Nasal Cannula ◽  
Nasal Route

Although the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by endotracheal tube, head chamber and face mask is quite straightforward, its successful application by nasal cannula or prongs as recently described by Novogroder et al. and Kattwinkel et al. presupposes an understanding of certain crucial points not emphasized in these original articles. The new factor that comes into play when applying CPAP by nasal route is the variable leak at the mouth. When a large mouth leak is present in a delivery system that also has an appreciable flow resistance at the site of the nasal prongs or beyond in the nasal passages, a significant pressure drop may occur across these points.

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