In vitro culture ofDrosophila ovarian follicles: The influence of different media on development, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis and potassium uptake

1991 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Bohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Potassium Uptake

Synthesis of RNA in oocytes of Xenopus laevis during culture in vitro

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
A. Colman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
18S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Precursor

RNA synthesis can be maintained in large oocytes of Xenopus laevis during periods of in vitro culture of at least 10 days. A simple salt medium, modified Barth's solution, is found to be as effective a culture medium for these oocytes as several other complex media. The newly synthesized RNA is characterized electrophoretically and shown to consist predominantly of ribosomal RNA precursor, 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA, and 4S RNA. The distribution of this RNA within the oocyte is detected autoradiographically, where it is found to be greatly concentrated over the nucleoli. No qualitative alterations in either of these parameters are found during culture, within the limits of sensitivity of the assay procedures.

scholarly journals Expression of growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and its effect on the in vitro culture of caprine preantral ovarian follicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Almeida ◽  
M.V.A. Saraiva ◽  
V.R. Araújo ◽  
D.M. Magalhães ◽  
A.B.G. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Differentiation Factor

scholarly journals Mechanism of action of purpuromycin

1992 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Landini ◽  
E Corti ◽  
B P Goldstein ◽  
M Denaro
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Free System ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Dna And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Elongation Step

Purpuromycin, an antibiotic active against both fungi and bacteria, shows different modes of action against these two kinds of micro-organisms; in Candida albicans it inhibits RNA synthesis, whereas in Bacillus subtilis protein synthesis is primarily affected, with DNA and RNA synthesis blocked at higher concentrations of the drug. In bacterial cell-free protein-synthesis systems, purpuromycin did not inhibit synthesis from endogenous mRNA (elongation of peptides initiated within the intact cell) but inhibited MS2-phase RNA-dependent protein synthesis (which requires initiation) by 50% at 0.1 mg/l. Poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was 50% inhibited by 20 mg of purpuromycin/l when added to a complete system; however, when purpuromycin was preincubated with ribosomes dissociated into 30 S and 50 S subunits, the concentration for 50% inhibition fell to 0.1 mg/l. By contrast, in a C. albicans cell-free system poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was partially inhibited only at 200 mg/l. Purpuromycin also inhibited polynucleotide synthesis in vitro in reactions using Escherichia coli or wheat-germ RNA polymerases or E. coli DNA polymerase I. We suggest that in bacteria the primary target of purpuromycin is on ribosomes and that its action precedes the elongation step of protein synthesis. The effect on nucleic acid synthesis in both fungi and bacteria may be due to interaction of purpuromycin with DNA.

In-vitro culture of tobacco pollen: gene expression and protein synthesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. A. Van Herpen ◽  
P. F. M. de Groot ◽  
J. A. M. Schrauwen ◽  
K. J. P. T. van den Heuvel ◽  
K. A. P. Weterings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Tobacco Pollen

In vitro culture of ovarian follicles

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hartshorne
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Ovarian Follicles

Uptake of [3H]Uridine into Precursor Pools and RNA in Osteogenic Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
MAUREEN OWEN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Nuclear Rna

Young rabbits were given a single intraperitoneal injection of [3H]uridine. Using the technique of water-soluble autoradiography a study was made of the uptake of the radioactive label into soluble precursors and RNA in cells on an actively growing bone surface. Labelling of the soluble intracellular pools was immediate, but incorporation of label from these pools into RNA was not completed until 24 h after injection. At this time all the label in the sections was in RNA but this represented only 30% of the total label initially in the soluble pools. This means that 70% of the label is lost from the cell in the first 24 h either as degradation products of RNA synthesis or by other as yet unknown mechanisms. The pattern of labelling of the RNA was similar to that previously found for other mammalian cells in vivo or in vitro. There was a rapid uptake of label into nuclear RNA which reached a maximum by 2 h after injection and a slower uptake into cytoplasmic RNA which reached a maximum by 24 h after injection. There was a slow loss of label from the cells after 24 h indicating a half-life of about 8 days for this relatively stable RNA. A comparison was made of RNA synthesis in the proliferating preosteoblasts and the highly differentiated non-dividing osteoblasts. Labelling of the nuclear RNA for the two cell types was identical. The rate of labelling of the cytoplasmic RNA was similar for the two cell types but the maximum level of labelling in the cytoplasm of the osteoblasts was 2 to 3 times that in the preosteoblasts. This could be correlated with the more active protein synthesis by the osteoblasts. There was a slow loss of labelled RNA by the osteoblasts and preosteoblasts and a rapid loss by the osteocytes after the cells had been incorporated within the bone. It was suggested that this loss paralleled the decline in the rate of protein synthesis by the cells as their environment changed.

scholarly journals Some Biochemical and Histological Effects of 2-Chloroethanol in Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Friedman ◽  
John Scalera ◽  
James E. Keys ◽  
Edmund L. Peters ◽  
Dennis W. Gaines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Adult Rats

The effects of 2-chioroethanol (2-CE) on rat tissue following in vitro and in vivo exposure were studied. At concentrations as low as 2.5 mg/ml, protein synthesis in liver slices was inhibited; at concentrations of 25 mg/ml and above, RNA synthesis and respiration were also impaired. Single oral doses of 2-CE to young adult rats at levels of 15-40 mg/kg body weight depressed liver nonprotein sulfhydryl (GSH) concentration and liver protein but not RNA synthesis. Liver lipid was increased by 7 hr after a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg. The time courses and dose-response relationship for GSH depletion and restoration and for protein synthesis inhibition and recovery were similar. The livers of female rats were more sensitive than the livers of male rats to the effects of 2-CE. Protein synthesis was also depressed in kidneys of 2-CE-treated male rats but at higher doses than those needed for this effect to occur in livers of the same animals. Liver polysome disaggregation also occurred after oral 2-CE doses of 20 mg/kg and greater. The effects of 2-CE on ribosome profiles and protein synthesis were at least partially reversed by concurrent intraperitoneal administration of cysteine. The possible relationship of these findings to a role of GSH in protein synthesis is discussed.

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